intestinal secretion

Celiprolol hydrochloride (Selectrol) 是一种选择性肾上腺素受体调节剂，是一种选择性的和具有口服活性的β1肾上腺素受体拮抗剂，具有部分β2激动剂活性，具有降压和抗心绞痛的作用。

CP-66948 是一种有效的 histamine H2 受体拮抗剂，对胃酸分泌有抑制作用，可用于保护胃黏膜和肠粘膜。

BAA473 是胆汁酸类似物，是一种强效的吡喃类炎症小体激活剂。BAA473可通过激活髓样和肠上皮细胞中的炎症小体来诱导白细胞介素（ IL-18 ）的分泌。

Gosogliptin（戈格列汀）是一种有效的口服活性、高度选择性和竞争性的DPP-4（二肽基肽酶4）抑制剂，提高肠促胰岛素肽(GLP-1)和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）的水平，从而增强胰岛素分泌并降低血糖水平。在动物实验中，Gosogliptin能够快速可逆地抑制血浆DPP-4活性。

Lidamidine (Lidamidinum) 是一种临床有效的止泻化合物，可抑制肠道分泌，减少肠道转运，并抑制平滑肌收缩。

BMS-986118 is a full agonist of GPR40, is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in pancreatic islets and intestinal L-cells that has been a target of significant recent therapeutic interest for type II diabetes. Activation of GPR40 by partial a

Lidamidine Hydrochloride is an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Lidamidine Hydrochloride inhibits intestinal secretion, reduces intestinal transit, and inhibits smooth muscle contraction.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

GLP-1(7-36), amide TFA is a prominent intestinal hormone known to stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion from β cells[1].

MK-8666 Tris is a partial GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) agonist that is coordinated with the action of GPR40. GPR40, also known as free fatty acid (FFA) receptor 1 modulates fatty acid-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells and in intestinal enteroendocrine cells. Thus, MK-8666 Tris has been investigated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been shown to robustly lower glucose without negative effects.

MK-8666 is a partial GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) agonist that is coordinated with the action of GPR40. GPR40, also known as free fatty acid (FFA) receptor 1 modulates fatty acid-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells and in intestinal enteroendocrine cells. Thus, MK-8666 has been investigated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been shown to robustly lower glucose without negative effects.

Flufenamic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of flufenamic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor (IC50s = 3 and 9.3 µM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Flufenamic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced increases in COX-2 levels and NF-κB activation in HT-29 colon cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibits calcium influx induced by fMLP or A23187 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with IC50 values of 29 and 14 µM, respectively. Flufenamic acid also activates various ion channels, including transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) and the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa1.1). It also inhibits various ion channels, including TRPC3 and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Flufenamic acid (20 mg kg) reduces increases in intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal barrier disruption in mice ......

GIP, human TFA 是一种42个氨基酸构成的肽类激素，促进葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放，同时轻度抑制胃酸分泌。该激素由肠K细胞释放，响应营养摄入。

Zolimidine是一种咪唑并吡啶衍生物，可作为口服抗溃疡剂。它能刺激肠粘膜细胞分泌粘液，增强肠壁的抗溃疡能力，并在十二指肠溃疡研究中显示出胃保护效果。

PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA，一种内源性神经肽，能有效促进胃窦运动，增强体液蛋白分泌，同时抑制胃泌素释放。此外，它刺激血管活性肠肽、胃泌素释放肽和P物质的释放，并通过RACK1增强N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体功能及脑源性神经营养因子表达。

PACAP (1-38) free acid 是一种具有多重生物功能的内源性神经肽，主要作用包括刺激胃窦运动、增进体液蛋白分泌、抑制胃泌素分泌，以及促进血管活性肠肽、胃泌素释放肽和P 物质的释放。此外，PACAP (1-38) free acid 通过与RACK1互作，可以增强N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体的功能并促进脑源性神经营养因子的表达。

神经肽Y（Neuropeptide Y, NPY）是一种参与调节食欲、血管收缩、心脏收缩力和肠道分泌的神经肽，同时也是NPY受体Y1、Y2和Y5的激动剂。它在全身范围内表达。NPY能够在表达大鼠Y1或Y2以及表达大鼠Y5的HEK293细胞中选择性抑制由forskolin诱导的cAMP积累，而对表达大鼠Y4受体的L-M(TK-)细胞的影响较小（EC50分别为0.15、2.7、0.66和>1,000 nM)。在分离的豚鼠心脏模型中，NPY能够增加灌注压（EC30 = 1.3 nM）。神经内注射NPY（300 pmol 动物）能够在大鼠中增加食物摄取量。

胃抑制肽(GIP) (1-42)是一种内源性的42氨基酸肽类肠促素激素，能诱导胰岛素分泌。该激素在肠道神经内分泌K细胞和颌下腺中表达，并在餐后释放到循环中。GIP (1-42)抑制由组胺、五肽和胰岛素引起的胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌，增加葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素释放，并在大鼠中刺激胃排空。

DW18134 是一种白细胞介素受体相关激酶 4 (IRAK4) 的抑制剂，其IC50为11.2 nM。它能够抑制IRAK4和IKK的磷酸化过程，并降低TNF-α和IL-6的分泌。在小鼠模型中，DW18134 可减轻由Lipopolysaccharides诱导的腹膜炎和DSS诱导的结肠炎，并且有助于保护肠道屏障功能。

Lubiprostone (hemiketal) (RU-0211 (hemiketal)) 作为CLCN2激活剂，能够选择性地增强氯离子通道2功能。通过促进肠道氯离子的分泌，Lubiprostone (hemiketal) 提高了肠内液体的产生并优化肠蠕动，主要应用于处理慢性特发性便秘及阿片类药物引起的便秘。此外，该化合物也被用于慢性便秘和癌症的相关研究。

PACAP (1-38), a novel neuropeptide isolated from the bovine hypothalamus is more active than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in stimulating adenylate cyclase (EC50=7 nM). PACAP 1-38 (10-9 M) increased substance P (SP), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP),

GLP-1(7-37) acetate 是肠道胰岛素激素，能够促进葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌。

GLP-1 receptor agonist. Endogenous preproglucagon-derived neuropeptide that modulates feeding and metabolism. Also secreted by intestinal L-cells. Increases cAMP production and inhibits gastric acid secretion in rat stomach. Also weak glucagon receptor ag

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serotype Abortusequi，源自身为肠道沙门氏菌的血清型 Abortusequi，是一种致流产脂多糖内毒素以及 TLR-4 激活剂。这种突变的 R 型 LPS，可作为免疫系统的病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP) 激活剂，诱导细胞分泌迁移体。Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype Abortus equi 由核心寡糖 (core oligosaccharide) 和脂质 A (Lipid A) 组成。S. enterica serotype Abortusequi 是导致母马流产的主要病原体，还与马科动物新生儿败血症、多发性脓肿、睾丸炎和多发性关节炎相关。分类依据主要是脂多糖 (O-antigen) 和鞭毛蛋白 (H-antigen)。