Puupehenone is a natural heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, potentiating the echinocandin drug caspofungin in caspofungin-resistant fungal pathogens, blocking the induction of caspofungin-responding genes required for the adaptation to cellwall stress through the cellwall integrity (CWI) pathway.
Myclobutanil hydroxide is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungalcellwall formation. It also weakly inhibits testosterone production.