differentiated

Glufosinate ammonium 是谷氨酸的一种膦酸类似物，是一种除草剂，在植物细胞中转化为 PT (L-phosphinothricin) 。Glufosinate ammonium 显示出神经毒性作用。

Verlukast is an (R)-enantiomer of MK-571 and a potent and selective LTD4 receptor antagonist. Verlukast showed [3H]leukotriene D4 binding in guinea-pig (IC50 = 3.1 +/- 0.5 nM) and human (IC50 = 8.0 +/- 3.0 nM) lung homogenates and dimethyl sulfoxide diffe

YK-2168 是具有差异化选择性的 CDK9 抑制剂。

Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a distinct class of trichostatin A-insensitive lysyl-deacetylases (class III HDACs). Human SIRT1 is the homolog of yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) and has been shown to regulate the activity of the p53 tumor suppressor and inhibit apoptosis. Small molecule activators of SIRT1, such as resveratrol, extend lifespan in yeast and C. elegans in a manner that resembles caloric restriction. CAY10591 has been identified as an activator of the enzyme SIRT1. This compound increases fluorescence by 233% in a SIRT1 activity assay. [Activator activity was defined as the percentage of signal increase relative to signal window in the following formula: 100 x (Sample - Signallow)/(Signalhigh - Signallow)]. CAY10591 suppresses TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. In THP-1 cells, TNF-α levels decreased from 325 pg/ml (control) to 104 and 53 pg/ml with 20 and 60 µM CAY10591, respectively. This activator also has a significant dose-dependent effect on fat mobilization in differentiated adipocytes, which would indicate the potential of SIRT1 activators for anti-obesity or anti-diabetic purposes.

Protein conjugates in tissue regeneration 2 (PCTR2) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . DHA is oxidized to 16S,17S-epoxy-protectin, which is converted to PCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase and to PCTR2 via γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. PCTR2 is found in resolving mouse exudate and in both M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from isolated human monocytes.

Protein conjugates in tissue regeneration 3 (PCTR3) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . DHA is oxidized to 16S,17S-epoxy-protectin, which is converted to PCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase and to PCTR2 and PCTR3 via peptidases. PCTR3 is found in infected mouse spleens and resolving exudate as well as isolated human spleen and septic plasma. It is also found in both M1 and M2 macrophages differentiated from isolated human monocytes.

CAY10781 是一种神经纤毛蛋白-1 (NRP-1) 和 VEGF-A.1 之间蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的抑制剂。当使用浓度为 12.5 μM 时，它可抑制 43% 的相互作用。 当以相同浓度使用时，CAY10781 还抑制 VEGF-A 诱导的儿茶酚胺 A 分化 (CAD) 细胞中 VEGFR2 的磷酸化。

DOTATATE acetate 是一种 DOTA 结合肽，是生长抑素类似物，也是一种新型 PET 示踪剂，参与评估高分化神经内分泌肿瘤 （NET） 的功能性成像。

IMP2-IN-1 (compound 4) 是有效的IMP2抑制剂，对 IMP2 RNA 的IC50为 81.3-127.5 μM。IMP2-IN-1 降低 SW480 细胞中 IMP2 水平。IMP2-IN-1 显著抑制分化和未分化 Huh7 细胞的活力。

GPR81 agonist 1 是一种具有高效性和选择性的 GPR81 激动剂，对人和小鼠 GPR81 具有很高的亲和力。GPR81 agonist 1 抑制分化的 3T3-L1 脂肪细胞的脂解，改善胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病小鼠模型的胰岛素敏感性和血糖控制，可用于研究糖尿病和肥胖。

NSC-18725 is a novel inhibitor of growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inducing autophagy in differentiated THP-1 macrophages.

Gliclazide-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliclazide by GC- or LC-MS. Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels. Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide. Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels. It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg ml. Gliclazide (5 mg kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

Lemzoparlimab（TJ011133) 是一种差异化靶向 CD47 的人源化抗体，具有抗肿瘤活性，可用于研究髓系白血病。

BDS-I，又名降血物质，源自苏卡达银莲花的海洋毒素。它作为钾通道特异性抑制剂，针对Kv3.4。BDS-I能够抑制由Aβ1-42诱导的Kv3.4活性增强，减少caspase-3的激活，阻止NGF诱导的PC-12细胞分化以及异常核形态的出现，并可逆转Aβ肽引发的细胞死亡。

Gangliotetraose（Gg4）是一种含有GM1及其唾液酸化衍生物的四糖。它能促进分化神经元核内Ca2+的外流，进而降低核内Ca2+浓度。Gg4参与调节神经元的可塑性、修复过程以及大脑中神经营养素的释放。

胃抑制肽(GIP) (22-51) 是一种具有30个氨基酸的前动脉硬化肽，对应于GIP前体蛋白proGIP的第22至51个氨基酸残基，已在人类血浆中发现。在1 µM的浓度下使用，该肽能引起在巨峰细胞分化的THP-1细胞和分离的人类主动脉内皮细胞中IκB-α的降解和NF-κB的核转移。在体内，GIP (22-51) 增加了ApoE- -小鼠的动脉粥样硬化病变面积和斑块形成。

5β,6β-epoxycholestanol 是由胆固醇在 5,6 双键处进行自由基或非自由基氧化后生成的氧化代谢物。在 U937 巨噬细胞样分化细胞中，该化合物可引发乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 的释放和诱导细胞凋亡。5β,6β-epoxycholestanol 已在人体脂肪条纹及晚期动脉粥样硬化病变中发现，但在正常主动脉组织中不存在。

Homoeriodictyol 是 Eriocitrin 的代谢物，属于黄酮类。Eriocitrin 是强效抗氧化剂。

Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-glucoside (Kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside) 是一种来自 Morettia philaena 的黄酮醇，对 α-淀粉酶 (α-amylase)、α-葡萄糖苷酶 (α-glucosidase) 和乙酰胆碱酯酶 (Acetylcholinesterase) 具有抑制作用。Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-glucoside 具有神经保护活性，可减缓分化神经元细胞 SH-SY5Y 免受 Amyloid β 肽诱导的损伤。Kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-glucoside 可用于研究阿尔茨海默氏症类的神经系统疾病。

Selaginellin has a neuroprotective effect against L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and up-regulating the expression of klotho gene. Selaginellin shows