convulsions

ML 297 是选择性的 GIRK1 2激活剂，EC50为 0.16 μM。ML 297 在癫痫病的研究中具有价值。

FGIN 1-27 是一种吲哚乙酰胺，是外周苯二氮卓受体的特异性的配体，Ki 为 5.0 nM。FGIN 1-27 可以透过血脑屏障。FGIN 1-27对异烟肼引起的抽搐发作具有抑制作用。

GABAA receptor agent 1 是GABAA 受体的高亲和力配体，有抗惊厥活性。

Vamicamide (FK 176)是一种新型抗胆碱能化合物。Vamicamide 在 32 mg kg （p.o.）或更高时增加小鼠的自发运动活动，并在 100 mg kg 时抑制小鼠强直性惊厥。

(S)-Vamicamide 是一种新型抗抗胆碱能化合物。Vamicamide 在 32 mg kg 或更高 （p.o.） 时增加小鼠的自发运动活动，并在 100 mg kg 时抑制小鼠强直性惊厥。

L-Allylglycine 是 GABA 合成酶（谷氨酸脱羧酶）的有效抑制剂。

Nefiracetam (DM9384) 是一种 GABA 能、胆碱能和单胺能神经元系统增强剂，用于治疗 Ro 5-4864 引起的抽搐。

Modaline sulfate 是一种 MAO 抑制剂，用于研究抑郁症。

Suclofenide 是一种苯磺酰胺衍生物，可作为抗惊厥和抗癫痫剂。在临床前模型中，它对小鼠电击和戊四唑诱导的惊厥表现出强大的抗惊厥活性。亚致死毒性表现为嗜睡、肌阵挛抽搐和腹泻。

UMB24 是一种针对σ2受体 (σ2 receptor) 的有效拮抗剂，其在σ2与σ1受体上的Ki值分别是170 nM和322 nM。此化合物能有效缓解可卡因所引发的抽搐及运动活动，同时不会造成致命后果。

(S)-3-N-Cbz-Amino-succinimide (Compound 1d) 是一种抗癫痫化合物，能够抑制小鼠中由戊四氮 (pentylenetetrazole) 和最大电休克 (MES) 所引发的强直性惊厥。

DL-AP7 是一种竞争性NMDA 拮抗剂和抗惊厥剂。DL-AP7 阻断 NMDA 诱导的惊厥,并导致小鼠在被动回避任务中的学习表现受损。

Allylglycine is a glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor and a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.

LY 81067是一种新型抗惊厥化合物，可有效预防戊四唑和苦防己毒素诱导的小鼠惊厥。它通过结合到苦防己素结合位点或其附近来发挥其抗惊厥作用。

Samandarine is the main steroidal alkaloid secreted by the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra). The compound is extremely toxic and causes convulsions, respiratory paralysis, and eventual death.

Xanthine amine congener (XAC) hydrochloride 是一种非选择性腺苷受体拮抗剂，在小鼠中能够诱发惊厥。

Hexylcaine HCl also called cyclaine or osmocaine, is a short-acting local anesthetic. It acts by inhibiting sodium channel conduction. Overdose can lead to headache, tinnitus, numbness and tingling around the mouth and tongue, convulsions, inability to breathe, and decreased heart function.

DDPM-2571 is a highly potent and in vivo active inhibitor of GABA transporter subtype 1 with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, antidepressant and antinociceptive properties. DDPM-2571 was quickly distributed into the brain and was highly effective in the prevention of chemically-induced seizures (pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine models) and 6-Hz convulsions. It demonstrated significant anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like properties. DDPM-2571 had antinociceptive properties, both in the hot plate test and in the second phase of the formalin test.

PF05020182 is novel potent and selective Kv7.2 4 potassium channel opener. PF-05020182 (2) significantly inhibits convulsions in the MES assay at doses tested, consistent with in vitro activity measure. The physiochemical properties, in vitro and in vivo activities of PF-05020182 support further development as an adjunctive treatment of refractory epilepsy. Facilitating activation, or delaying inactivation, of the native Kv7 channel reduces neuronal excitability, which may be beneficial in controlling spontaneous electrical activity during epileptic seizures.

Pifexole is the 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivative. It has a similar profile of muscle-relaxant activity in animals to that of chlorzoxazone. In rats, pifexole is reported to be seven times more potent than chlorzoxazone in inhibition of strychnine-induced convulsions.

Bicuculline methobromide 是选择性GABAA 受体拮抗剂，具IC50值为3 μM。该化合物可引起哺乳类动物阵挛性强直性惊厥，且能阻断Ca2+激活的钾通道，用于癫痫等精神疾病研究。

Bicuculline ((+)-Bicuculline; d-Bicuculline) 甲基氯化物是一种惊厥生物碱，是选择性GABAA 受体 (GABAA receptor) 的拮抗剂，IC50为 3 μM。Bicuculline 甲基氯化物在哺乳动物中可以诱导阵挛性强直性惊厥，还可用于阻断 Ca2+激活的钾通道。Bicuculline 甲基氯化物可用于癫痫等相关精神疾病的研究。

Polyphyllin H 可从多叶松和根瘤中提取，具有抗肿瘤活性，用于炎症，骨折和惊厥的研究。

Isopulegol presents depressant- and anxiolytic-like effects, it also has anticonvulsant and bioprotective effects against PTZ-induced convulsions are possibly related to positive modulation of benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptors and to antioxidant properties.Isopulegol presents significant gastroprotective effects in both ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, which appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K(ATP) channel opening, and antioxidant properties.