CB1 antagonist 1 is a CB1 receptor antagonist, used in the research of obesity and metabolic syndrome, neuroinflammatory disorders, cognitive disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders, psychosis, and cardiovascular.
Leelamine hydrochloride, a tricyclic diterpene extracted from pine tree bark, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor, known to regulate fatty acid synthesis [2,3]. This compound acts as a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and suppresses SREBP1-regulated fatty acid lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells, irrespective of androgen receptor status.
In humans, two forms of diacylglycerol lipase, DAGLα and DAGLβ, generate the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol by attacking DAG at the sn-1 position. O-7460 is a selective inhibitor of 2-AG biosynthesis via DAGLα (IC50 = 690 nM). It demonstrates much weaker inhibition towards human monoacylglycerol lipase and rat brain fatty acid amide hydrolase (IC50s > 10 μM) and does not bind to CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors (Kis > 10 μM). At 0-12 mg kg, i.p. in mice, O-7460 was reported to dose-dependently inhibit high-fat diet intake and reduce body weight.
ABD459 is a neutral antagonist of the central cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor (Ki = 8.6 nM). It inhibits food consumption in nonfasted mice without affecting motor activity. ABD459 reduces active food seeking for 5-6 hours after treatment, with no rebound after washout. ABD459 also diminishes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, with no alterations of wakefulness or non-REM sleep.
URB754 is a potent and noncompetitive inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), exhibiting an IC50 value of 200 nM for the recombinant rat brain enzyme. However, it does not inhibit human recombinant, rat brain, or mouse brain MAGL at concentrations up to 100 μM. There is evidence that the MAGL inhibitory activity of URB754 may be attributed to the impurity bis(methylthio)mercurane (IC50 = 11.9 nM for rat recombinant MAGL) that is found in commercial preparations. URB754 inhibits rat brain fatty acyl amide hydrolase (FAAH) with an IC50 value of 32 μM and binds weakly to the rat central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor with an IC50 value of 3.8 μM. It does not inhibit COX-1 or COX-2 at concentrations up to 100 μM. Inhibition of MAGL hydrolysis of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is associated with enhanced stress-induced analgesia and may represent a novel drug target in pain and stress management.
N-Acylated ethanolamines (NAE) are naturally-occurring lipids that have diverse bioactivities. For example, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) is an endogenous neurotransmitter that evokes cellular responses by activating the cannabinoid receptors, central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2). The different types of NAE are derived from glycerophospho-linked precursors by the activity of glycerophosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1). Glycerophospho-N-palmitoyl ethanolamine (GP-NPEA) is the metabolic precursor of palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA). PEA is an endogenous cannabinoid found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues, that has potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. PEA has low affinity for peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) and no appreciable affinity for central cannabinoid (CB1), suggesting that its efficacy is through a different receptor.
Arachidonoyl 2-chloroethylamide (ACEA) is a potent and selective cannabinoid (CB) receptor 1 agonist with Ki values of 1.4 and >2,000 nM for CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively. In whole animal experiments, ACEA induces hypothermia in mice with the same efficacy as arachidonoyl ethanolamide , in spite of its higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. These data have been interpreted to indicate that ACEA may be a substrate for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and thus only transiently available in whole animal experiments.