C19 Ceramide is a naturally occurring ceramide that has been found in J. juncea extracts as well as rat brain and mouse heart.[1],[2],[3] It is elevated in adult and decreased in juvenile whole rat brain extracts by 114 and 37%, respectively, following chronic ethanol exposure.[2] C19 Ceramide is also increased in mouse hearts following administration of angiotensin II.[3]
FGFR-IN-7 (compound 17) is an orally active, potent FGFR modulator with the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It exhibits neuroprotective properties, enhancing brainexposure and decreasing the likelihood of phospholidosis. FGFR-IN-7 proves valuable for research on neurodegenerative diseases [1].
AM-3189 is a potent and selective GPR40 Agonist with minimal CNS penetration, superior pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo efficacy comparable to AMG 837. AM-3189 maintains the in vivo efficacy of AMG 837 while displaying a superior pharmacokinetic profile and minimal CNS exposure. Similar to AMG 837, while highly potent on GPR40, AM-3189 was highly selective over the closely related GPCRs, GPR41 and GPR43. 13kdemonstrated low clearance, moderate volume of distribution, and good oral bioavailability. AM-3189 does not penetrate the rat CNS as indicated by a rat brain to plasma ratio of 0.04 at 3 h after an oral dose of 5 mg kg.