raw 264.7 cells

Telithromycin（泰利霉素）是一种半合成的14元大环内酯类抗生素和红霉素衍生物，结合到70S细菌核糖体的50S亚基，抑制细菌蛋白合成，对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有抗菌活性，治疗轻至中度呼吸道感染。

Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) 是一种铁死亡抑制剂，具有强效性和选择性。Ferrostatin-1 有效抑制 Erastin 诱导的 HT-1080 细胞铁死亡 (EC50=60 nM)。Ferrostatin-1 还具抗氧化和抗真菌活性。

JSH-23 是一种 NF-κB 抑制剂，抑制 NF-κB 转录活性 (IC50=7.1 μM)，但不影响 IκBα 降解。JSH-23 是一种抗氧化剂，具有抗炎活性。

C-176 (STING inhibitor 1) 是一种 STING 抑制剂，具有选择性和血脑屏障渗透性。C-176 可以抑制由 STING 介导的 IFNβ 生成，具有抗炎活性。

Antitumor agent-19 是一种肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的调节剂，在 RAW 264.7 细胞和 BMDM 细胞中的 EC50 分别为 17.18 μM 和 18.87 μM。

Kukoamine B mesylate 是从地骨皮中提取得到的新型阳离子生物碱，具有抗氧化活性，抑制 Kupffer 和 RAW 264。7 细胞中的 LPS 内化，可用于研究急性炎症和糖尿病。

Cyclophosphamide hydrate 是一种 DNA 烷化剂，一种 DNA 合成抑制剂。Cyclophosphamide hydrate 具有抗肿瘤活性、免疫抑制活性等。

Retinol (Vitamin A) 属于天然维生素，具有脂溶性。Retinol 在视网膜的代谢功能、上皮组织的生长和分化、骨骼的生长、生殖和免疫反应中起重要作用。

Cornuside (Comuside) 是从山茱萸的果实中分离出的环烯醚萜苷，可用于炎症疾病的研究和促进血液循环。 它通过下调 MAPK 和 NF-κB 信号通路抑制肥大细胞介导的过敏反应，用于炎性过敏性疾病中的潜能。

Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) 是从卡瓦醉椒的根提取物中，分离出的查尔酮。它是一种凋亡诱导剂，可抑制各种癌细胞株生长。它以极低的无毒浓度抑制人脑内皮细胞的迁移和血管形成，具有抗血管生成活性。

Kauran-16,17-diol 是一个天然的二萜天然产物，抑制 LPS 诱导的RAW 264.7 细胞产生 NO 的IC50值为17 μM，具有抗肿瘤诱导凋亡的活性。

Anhydronotoptol (4-{[(2E,5E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5,7-trien-1-yl]oxy}-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one) 是一种可从伞科植物羌活中提取得到的天然化合物。Anhydronotoptol 是一种有效的 一氧化氮生成抑制剂， 抑制 LPS 诱导的 RAW 264.7 细胞 NO 生成，其 IC50 值为 36.6 μM。

α-Gracinoic acid，一种具有抗炎作用的Chalcone类衍生物，能够抑制脂多糖 (LPS) 处理的 RAW 264.7 细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS) 所催化的一氧化氮的产生。

E17241作为ABCA1基因表达的诱导剂，具有显著的生物活性（EC50 = 280 nM）。它同时也是一种过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体（PPARs）的激动剂，在HepG2细胞中能通过激活PPARγ、PPARα和PPARδ，促进PPAR介导的基因表达（EC50分别为290, 3,900, 和879 nM）。在RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中，E17241可以增强ABCA1蛋白的水平，这一作用在使用针对PKCζ mRNA的siRNA时失效。在用E17241处理的RAW 264.7细胞中，当浓度为0.4, 2, 或 10 µM时，可增加胆固醇的外流。此外，针对ApoE- -小鼠的动脉粥样硬化模型表明，每日25 mg kg的E17241剂量能有效降低血浆中的胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平以及肝脏中的胆固醇和甘油三酯含量，且减少了主动脉的病变面积。此外，每日50 mg kg的E17241剂量可以在高脂高糖（HFHG）饮食下减轻KKAy糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平和体重。

EP4 receptor antagonist 7 (Compound 14) 是一种针对前列腺素 E2 (PGE2) 的 EP4 受体亚型的拮抗剂，其IC50值为1.1 nM。在HEK293细胞中，它抑制PGE2诱导的β-阻滞蛋白的募集，IC50为0.9 nM。在RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中，EP4 receptor antagonist 7 能降低PGE2诱导的IL-4、Mrc1、Chil3、Cxcl1、Trem2和Arg1等mRNA的表达。在CT26小鼠结肠癌模型中，该化合物与抗PD-1抗体联合使用可抑制肿瘤生长并增加CD8+ T细胞对肿瘤的浸润。

PROTAC cGAS degrader-1 (Compound TH35) 是一种高效且选择性的 cGAS PROTAC 降解剂，在 THP-1 和 RAW 264.7 细胞中，其 DC50 分别为 0.9 μM 和 4.6 μM。它能够抑制 dsDNA 引发的 cGAS 信号激活，并表现出抗炎活性，适用于研究与 cGAS 相关的炎症性疾病。(Pink: cGAS inhibitor; Black: Linker; Blue: E3 ligase ligand)

TLR3-IN-1 (CU CPT 4a) 是一种选择性的TLR3信号抑制剂，在 RAW 264.7 细胞中 IC50 为 3.44 μM。它可以抑制 TLR3 dsRNA 复合物介导的下游信号通路，并抑制全细胞中 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生。

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) 是分离自积雪草的一种天然产物，抑制iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α、IL-1beta 和IL-6，可通过在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中下调NF-κB 激活而具有抗炎作用。

1-Palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains palmitic , stearic , and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. It has been detected in RAW 264.7 cells by neutral loss MS. Increased serum levels of 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol are a potential biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

SR 1903 is a modulator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and liver X receptor (LXR).1 It is an inverse agonist of RORγ (IC50 = ~100 nM in a cell-based reporter assay) and an agonist of LXR. It also binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; IC50 = 209 nM) but does not activate it. SR 1903 (10 μM) inhibits LPS-induced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. It also inhibits LPS-induced expression of the LXR target genes IL-6 and IL-33 and increases expression of ABCG1, FASN, and SCD-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. SR 1903 (20 mg kg twice per day) reduces severity score in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. It reduces blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL, body weight, and fat mass in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity.References1. Chang, M.R., Ciesla, A., Strutzenberg, T.S., et al. Unique polypharmacology nuclear receptor modulator blocks inflammatory signaling pathways. ACS Chem. Biol. 14(5), 1051-1062 (2019). SR 1903 is a modulator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and liver X receptor (LXR).1 It is an inverse agonist of RORγ (IC50 = ~100 nM in a cell-based reporter assay) and an agonist of LXR. It also binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; IC50 = 209 nM) but does not activate it. SR 1903 (10 μM) inhibits LPS-induced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. It also inhibits LPS-induced expression of the LXR target genes IL-6 and IL-33 and increases expression of ABCG1, FASN, and SCD-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. SR 1903 (20 mg kg twice per day) reduces severity score in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. It reduces blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL, body weight, and fat mass in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. References1. Chang, M.R., Ciesla, A., Strutzenberg, T.S., et al. Unique polypharmacology nuclear receptor modulator blocks inflammatory signaling pathways. ACS Chem. Biol. 14(5), 1051-1062 (2019).

Lauric acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of lauric acid by GC- or LC-MS. Lauric acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found at high levels in coconut oil.1Lauric acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM.2

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6 |1. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|2. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|3. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|4. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|5. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|6. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid-13C contains 13C at the C2 position and has been used in the study of free fatty acid incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids in soil microbes.1 Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.2 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.3 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.3,4,5,6,7

T-5342126 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist.1It reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50= 27.8 μM), as well as decreases LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in isolated human whole blood (IC50s = 110.5, 315.6, and 318.4 μM, respectively). T-5342126 (82 mg kg) reduces ethanol intake and the abundance of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglial activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala in ethanol-dependent mice.2 1.Chavez, S.A., Martinko, A.J., Lau, C., et al.Development of β-amino alcohol derivatives that inhibit toll-like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory response as potential antisepticsJ. Med. Chem.54(13)4659-4669(2011) 2.Bajo, M., Montgomery, S.E., Cates, L.N., et al.Evaluation of TLR4 inhibitor, T5342126, in modulation of ethanol-drinking behavior in alcohol-dependent miceAlcohol Alcohol.51(5)541-548(2016)