potentials

4F 4PP oxalate 是一种选择性5-HT2A 拮抗剂。

Ro 67-7476 是mGluR1的正变位调节剂，能增强表达 rat mGluR1a 的 HEK293 细胞中谷氨酸诱导的钙释放，EC50为 60.1 nM。它是 P-ERK1/2 激动剂，可以在没有外源添加谷氨酸的情况下激活 ERK1/2 磷酸化 (EC50=163.3 nM)。

Unifiram 是一种认知增强剂。 Unifiram 诱导大鼠海马 CA1 区场兴奋性突触后电位 (fEPSP) 幅度的持久增加 (EC50= 27 nM) 并增加大鼠大脑皮层中乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 的释放。

UCL 2077 是癫痫相关 KCNQ 通道的亚型选择性阻滞剂，也是一种选择性慢后超极化通道阻滞剂，在培养的海马神经元中 IC50 为 500 nM，对 Ca2+ 通道、动作电位、输入电阻的影响小 ，以及超极化后的介质。

NMDAR antagonist 2 (compound 3I) 作为一种具有血脑屏障通透性的NMDAR拮抗剂，在hGluN1/hGluN2A的膜电位为-60 mV时的IC50值为4.42 μM，在40 mV时为214.75 μM。此外，该化合物能有效减轻海马损伤。

AUT2是一种Kv3.1通道调节剂，具有治疗FXS患者感觉过敏的潜力，通过将高阈值电流的激活转移到更负的电位上。此转变降低了高阈值K+电流，并增加了神经元中的低阈值K+电流，恢复了ABR的IV波。由于其调节神经元兴奋试活性的能力，AUT2还有望用于治疗听力障碍。

Rovatirelin（亦称为S-0373）是一种新型合成化合物，其作用模仿甲状腺释放激素（TRH）。该化合物对人类TRH受体的亲和力（Ki=702nM）高于taltirelin（Ki=3877nM）。在大鼠蓝斑区（LC）急性分离的去甲肾上腺素神经元中，Rovatirelin能增加自发动作电位的发放。此外，Rovatirelin亦能增加运动活动。Rovatirelin可能作为口服治疗，对SCD患者具有潜在的治疗效果。

gamma-DGG TFA 是一种兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂，能够阻断由 NMDA-、Kainate- 和 Quisqualate- 诱导的去极化，并在大鼠海马切片中对兴奋性突触后电位 (e.p.s.p.) 产生拮抗作用。

Nav1.8-IN-20 (Compound I) 是一种有效的口服电压门控钠通道 Nav1.8 抑制剂，其 IC50 为 14 nM。该化合物可以阻断外周伤害性神经元中动作电位的产生和传导，具有镇痛效果。Nav1.8-IN-20 可用于包括急性疼痛、慢性疼痛、炎症性疼痛和神经性疼痛在内的多种疼痛类型研究。

Fluorolintane 对 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体表现出高亲和力，其 Ki 为 87.92 nM。它能抑制大鼠的前脉冲抑制，还可以抑制大鼠海马脑片中 NMDA 受体诱发的场兴奋性突触后电位。

Zocainone 是一种抗心律失常剂，其通过阻断心脏组织中的钠通道来稳定心脏动作电位，从而减少异常电活动。Zocainone 可能在心脏心律失常研究中具有应用潜力。

Risotilide is a voltage-dependent potassium channel inhibitor. It can prolong cardiac action potentials and refractory periods.

QO-58是一种新型的Kv7激活剂（opener）,通过激活神经元 Kv7/KCNQ/M-通道，剂量依赖性激活Kv7电流，增强天然神经元M电流并导致诱发动作电位下降。对炎性疼痛具有抗伤害性作用，可用于神经元兴奋性障碍。

AHR-12234 affects cardiac action potentials.

Chlordene, as a polychlorinated flame retardant, has bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials.

Brevetoxin B is a polyketide neurotoxin produced by Karenia species and other dinoflagellates. It binds to site 5 on the alpha subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (IC50 = 15 nM) on neurons at the neuromuscular junction, causing the channel to open irreversibly at potentials more negative than normal, discharging action potentials repetitively. Brevetoxin B is ichthyotoxic at nanomolar concentrations and is responsible for an illness described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.

Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg/ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg/ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg/kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).

Saclofen 是竞争性GABAB 受体拮抗剂(IC50:7.8 μM)。它可研究 GABAB 受体调节大脑中缓慢抑制性突触后电位的功能。

Ajmaline hydrochloride is an alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, and other plant sources. It is a class of Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently works by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.

Vasicine 是一种分离自Justicia adhatoda 中的喹唑啉类生物碱。它具有抗结核作用。

CT1-3 是一种有效的抗癌剂。CT1-3 能够调控 JNK/Bcl-2/Bax/XIAP 通路，进而诱导线粒体介导的细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。CT1-3 可以调控 E-cadherin/Snail 轴抑制人癌细胞 (HCCs) 的上皮间充质转化 (EMT) 电位，并抑制肿瘤发生。CT1-3 在小鼠模型中具有抗肿瘤作用，且没有表现出明显的肝、肾毒性。

Moricizine Hydrochloride (EN 313) 是一种口服具有活力的 I 类抗心律失常剂。Moricizine Hydrochloride 能够减少 0 相去极化的速率；提高 2 相和 3 相复极率，降低动作电位持续时间，减少有效不应期。

Asocainol hydrochloride ia an antiarrhythmic drug which inhibits slow Ca2+ influx. This is accompanied by alterations in normal Na+-carried action potentials. Therefore, Asocainol not only inhibits Ca2+ inflow but also interferes with the fast inward Na+ current.

Phenytoin-d10 is a deuterated isotope-labelled phenytoin for isotope tracing. Phenytoin acts as a voltage-gated Na⁺ channel blocker and t-type Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor, exhibiting antiepileptic activity.