phosphatidic acid

(±)-Lisofylline 是一种对映异构体特异性、烷基取代的甲基黄嘌呤，在下调白细胞活化方面具有特异性和有效的活性。它是一种抗炎剂。

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid (Na+ salt) 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T67073。

Palmitoleoyl 3-carbacyclic phosphatidic acid (3ccPA 16:1) 作为一种autotaxin (ATX) 抑制剂，具有中等效力，IC50值为620 nM。该化合物适用于黑色素瘤的研究。

Cyclic Phosphatidic Acids (cPAs) are naturally occurring lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) analogs, characterized by a 5-membered ring formed between the sn-2 hydroxy group and the sn-3 phosphate. Carba-derivatives of cPA (ccPA) modify the sn-2 (2-ccPA) or sn-3 (3-ccPA) linkage, hindering the conversion of cPA into LPA. Oleoyl 3-Carbacyclic Phosphatidic Acid (3-ccPA 18:1) incorporates the 18:1 fatty acid oleate at the sn-1 position on the glycerol backbone, acting as a cyclic LPA analog. This compound, at a concentration of 25 μM, blocks MM1 cells' transcellular migration through mesothelial cell monolayers induced by fetal bovine serum (by 90.1%) or LPA (by 99.9%), without impeding cell proliferation. Additionally, 3-ccPA 18:1, in the 0.1-1.0 μM range, notably suppresses autotaxin, which plays a vital role in various cancer cell behaviors including survival, growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis.

Palmitoyl 3-carbacyclic phosphatidic acid，一种棕榈酰化的Carba类环磷脂酸，作为溶血磷脂酸(LPA)的类似物，展现了与LPA不同的功能。该化合物通过抑制RhoA的激活，进而能够阻止黑色素瘤细胞的迁移。在B16-F0异种移植小鼠模型中，Palmitoyl 3-carbacyclic phosphatidic acid有效抑制了实验性肺转移，并显著减少了肿瘤结节的数量。

Lysophosphatidic acid is a bioactive chemical.

Phosphatidic acid is a phospholipid and an intermediate in glycerolipid biosynthesis. It is a transient intermediate in the synthesis of various phospholipid species that is synthesized de novo in cells via multiple routes, including the glycerol-3 phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathways, enzymatic conversion of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D, and acetylation of lysophosphatidic acid by lysoPA-acyltransferase, among others. It has roles in shaping cellular membranes, cellular signaling, vesicle fission and fusion, as well as mitochondrial division and fusion. It stimulates respiratory burst in neutrophils independent of diacylglycerol and activates monoacylglycerol acyltransferase, phospholipase C (PLC), Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP4) kinase in several cell lines. Phosphatidic acids (egg) is a mixture of phosphatidic acids isolated from chicken egg with fatty acids of variable chain lengths.

1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in rat brain as 37% of the arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and is a precursor to 1-arachidonoyl glycerol . 1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid binds to the LPA2 EDG4 receptor with an EC50 value of approximately 10 nM. It prevents TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in wild-type but not Lpa2- - dendritic cells stimulated by LPS. It also decreases differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

1-Octadecyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-octadecyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing stearic acid at the sn-1 position. LPA binds to one of five different G protein linked receptors to mediate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite retraction, and cell motility. Alkyl ether-linked LPA derivatives have a higher platelet aggregating activity than the acyl derivatives, most likely stemming from an alkyl-specific LPA receptor. For example, 1-octadecyl LPA has a platelet aggregating EC50 value of 9 nM versus 1-octadecanoyl LPA which has an EC50 value of 177 nM.

1-Oleoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid (1-Oleoyl LPA) 是一种具有生物活性的磷脂，通过激活至少六种同源 G 蛋白偶联受体及其异源三聚体 G 蛋白的复杂网络，可以在肾脏的各种疾病状态下发挥多种生物效应。1-Oleoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid 促进 BV-2 和原代鼠小胶质细胞向 M1 样表型的极化,可用于研究癌症和动脉粥样硬化。

1-Palmitoyl Lysophosphatidic Acid 是 LPA 的类似物，通过结合 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 提高氨苄西林、哌拉西林和头孢他啶对各种铜绿假单胞菌菌株的作用。

1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. LPA binds to one of five different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite retraction, and cell motility. In addition to playing a role in the aforementioned biological responses, 1-palmitoyl LPA enhances the action of β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime) on various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with pulmonary disease and pneumonia, via binding both Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid sodium salt为必需的细胞膜生物合成代谢物，可通过与G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）（即LPA受体）相互作用来介导信号传导，是LPA1和LPA2受体的内源性激动剂。

1-Linoleoyl LPA（1-亚油酰LPA）是LPA2受体的激动剂，属于一种含有亚油酸的甘油磷脂，在sn-1位置含亚油酸。它是小鼠和人体血浆中最丰富的LPA。1-Linoleoyl LPA在表达LPA2受体的Sf9细胞中选择性地增加细胞内钙水平（EC50约为10 nM），相较于表达LPA1和LPA3受体的Sf9细胞（EC50分别约为200和80 nM）。携带NCTC克隆2472肿瘤的小鼠中，1-linoleoyl LPA的血清水平增加。与患有初发进行性多发性硬化症的患者相比，复发缓解型多发性硬化症患者的血浆1-Linoleoyl LPA水平降低，且与神经功能缺损严重程度负相关。

1-花生四烯酰基溶血磷脂酸（1-arachidoyl LPA）是溶血磷脂酸受体1（LPA1）的激动剂，并且是一种含有花生四烯酸的甘油磷脂，花生四烯酸位于sn-1位置。它能在主要表达LPA1而非LPA2-LPA6的人类肺成纤维细胞中诱导钙离子动员（EC50 = 3.6 µM）。在无细胞试验中，1-Arachidoyl LPA（2.5 µM）还能结合到过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）的配体结合域。人类尿液中也发现了该化合物。

Dioctanoylphosphatidic acid sodium 是一种化学化合物，它不仅作为二酰甘油和溶血磷脂酸的前体在调节吞噬细胞的呼吸爆发中发挥作用，还可以影响雷帕霉素哺乳动物靶点 (mTOR) 的磷酸化。此外，该化合物还能增强在组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂 (HDACI) 抑制下的胆囊癌细胞活力。它是通过磷脂酶 D 从甘油磷脂中分离出来的。

LY294002 (SF 1101) 是一种 PI3K 的广谱抑制剂，抑制 PI3Kα、PI3Kδ 和 PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5 0.57 0.97 μM)。LY294002 也是 DNA-PK 抑制剂 (IC50=1.4 μM) 和 CK2 抑制剂 (IC50=98 nM)。LY294002 可以激活凋亡和自噬。

1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid sodium (1-Oleoyl lysophosphatidic acid sodium salt) salt 是 LPA1 和 LPA2 的内源性激动剂，可通过诱导 DNA 合成促进有丝分裂，参与正常和病理性情绪反应，如焦虑和抑郁。

LY-294002 hydrochloride (NSC 697286) 是一种合成的 PI3Kα δ β 分子抑制剂（IC50：0.5 0.57 0.97 μM，在无细胞试验中）；在溶液中比 Wortmannin 更稳定，也是自噬体形成的阻断剂。

ICSN3250 HCl是一种特异性靶向癌细胞mTOR抑制剂，与mTOR中FRB结构域的磷脂酸竞争并取代磷脂酸，从而阻止mTOR活化并导致细胞毒性。

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (a phosphatidic acid) is a human endogenous metabolite.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium 是一种人内源性代谢物，是一种磷酸酯。

1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol is a diacylglycerol (DAG) with linoleic acid (18:2) side chains attached at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. It has been found as a component of phosphatidic acid in rat liver mitochondria and in spinach chloroplast membranes. 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol is upregulated in some pregnant women and has been used as a biomarker to predict later preeclampsia in early pregnancy.

Cochlioquinone A is an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). It has been shown to reduce the concentration of phosphatidic acid in T cell lymphoma and has also been shown to compete with macrophage inflammatory protein-1α for binding to human CCR5 chemokine receptors.