Destruxin B2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin that has been found in M. anisopliae and has antiviral, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2,3 It inhibits secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by Hep3B cells expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 Destruxin B2 is toxic to Sf9 insect cells in an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) test with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ECIS50) value of 92 μM.4 It is also phytotoxic to B. napus leaves.3 |1. Yeh, S.F., Pan, W., Ong, G.-T., et al. Study of structure-activity correlation in destruxins, a class of cyclodepsipeptides possessing suppressive effect on the generation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in human hepatoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229(1), 65-72 (1996).|2. Male, K.B., Tzeng, Y.-M., Montes, J., et al. Probing inhibitory effects of destruxins from Metarhizium anisopliae using insect cell based impedance spectroscopy: Inhibition vs chemical structure. Analyst 134(7), 1447-1452 (2009).|3. Buchwaldt, L., and Green, H. Phytotoxicity of destruxin B and its possible role in the pathogenesis of Alternaria brassicae. Plant Pathol. 41(1), 55-63 (1992).
MSA-2 dimer is a selective, orally active non-nucleotide STING agonist (Kd=145 μM) with long-term antitumor and immunogenic activity. MSA-2 dimer is bound to STING as a non-covalent dimer exhibiting higher permeability than cyclic dinucleotide[1]. MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; p.o.; 50 days) inhibits tumor growth and prolongs overall survival[1]. MSA-2 dimer (40 mg kg; s.c.; 25 days) induces complete tumor regression[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; p.o.; 4 hours) increases proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-β) level in tumors[1].MSA-2 dimer (60 mg kg; s.c.; 4 hours) concentrations is observed in tumors than in plasma or other nontumor tissues [1].MSA-2 dimer (THP-1 cells) induces phosphorylation of both TBK1 and IR. MSA-2 dimer (10 μM and 33 μM; macrophages) induces IFN-β[1].MSA-2 dimer also exhibits dose-dependent antitumor activity when administered by IT, SC, or PO routes[1]. [1]. Pan BS, et al. An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity. Science. 2020;369(6506):eaba6098.
Luxeptinib (CG-806) is a novel pan-FLT3 pan-BTK inhibitor that is administered orally. It exhibits potent and reversible inhibition of these enzymes, acting through a non-covalent mechanism. Luxeptinib effectively induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia cells [1][2][3][4].
CAY17c is an inhibitor of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4; IC50= 0.71 μM), as well as class I histone deacetylases (HDACs; IC50s = 0.046, 0.058, 0.075, and 0.167 μM for HDAC1, -2, -3, and -8, respectively) and class IIb HDACs (IC50s = 0.073 and 0.923 μM for HDAC6 and HDAC10, respectively).1It is selective for these enzymes over BRD2, -3, and -T (IC50s = >20 μM for all), as well as over HDAC4, -5, -7, -9, and -11 (IC50s = >10 μM for all). CAY17c inhibits the proliferation of HCT116, SW620, and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells (IC50s = 0.45, 1.78, and 2.11 μM, respectively), as well as induces apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 cells. It reduces tumor growth in an HCT116 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg. 1.Pan, Z., Li, X., Wang, Y., et al.Discovery of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based hydroxamic acid derivatives as bromodomain-containing protein 4/histone deacetylase dual inhibitors induce autophagic cell death in colorectal carcinoma cellsJ. Med. Chem.63(7)3678-3700(2020)