neuroprotective s

Solasodine (Purapuridine) 是存在于茄科植物中的一种类固醇生物碱。它具有神经保护、降压、抗真菌、抗癌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗雄激素和抗炎活性。

S-2474 是 COX-2 和 5-脂氧合酶的抑制剂 ，具有抗炎活性和神经保护活性，可抑制 Abeta（25 - 35） 和 Abeta（1 - 40） 诱导的细胞死亡。

S-Methyl-L-cysteine (S-Methylcysteine) 是一种催化抗氧化系统中甲硫氨酸硫氧化物还原酶 A 的作用底物，是一种天然产物，具有抗氧化、神经保护及减肥的功效。

(S)-(-)-Perillyl alcohol (Perillyl alcohol) 是一种在矮松菊中提取的单萜，具有抗癌活性和神经保护活性，可抑制 Ras 的法尼基化，上调 6-磷酸甘露糖受体并诱导细胞凋亡。

Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) 是一种 ENT1 转运蛋白抑制剂，可与 ENT1 转运蛋白以高亲和力结合。它是一种可穿过血脑屏障的光亲和探针，用于追踪大脑中腺苷的摄取位点。

(S)-Trolox, an analogue of vitamin E, substitutes the phytyl chain with a carboxyl group. This compound serves as a model substance in structural studies and as a standard for assessing antioxidant activity. Moreover, (S)-Trolox exhibits potent and specific neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.

(S)-P7C3-OMe 是一种 P7C3-A20 的羟基化类似物，是 P7C3-OMe 的(S)对映体。其中P7C3-OMe 是一种前神经源性化合物，可用于神经精神疾病和 或神经退行性疾病的研究。

1(R),2(S)-epoxy Cannabidiol (Compound 2a) 是植物大麻素的结构类似物，对Wnt β-catenin通路具有显著的抑制活性，并且可能在神经保护剂研究中显示出潜力。

SAR502250 is a potent, selective, ATP competitive, orally active and brain-penetrant inhibitor of GSK3, with an IC50 of 12 nM for human GSK-3β. SAR502250 displays antidepressant-like activity. SAR502250 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)[1][2]. SAR502250 (0.01-1 μM; 36 h) attenuates the Aβ25-35-induced cell death in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons[2]. SAR502250 (1-100 mg kg; a single p.o,) attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in the cortex and spinal cord of transgenic mice expressing P301L tau[2].SAR502250 (10-30 mg kg; p.o. once daily for 7 weeks) improves the cognitive deficit in transgenic APP(SW) Tau(VLW) mice after infusion of Aβ25-35[2].SAR502250 (10-30 mg kg; a single p.o.) significantly increases the percentage of lever-presses in the inter-response time (IRT) bin (49-96 s), with a significant augmentation of the percentage of reinforced responses[2].SAR502250 (30 mg kg; i.p. once daily for 28 d) ameliorates chronic stress-induced degradation of the physical state of the mice coat[2].SAR502250 (10-60 mg kg; a single p.o.) decreases hyperactivity produced by psychostimulantsin mice[2]. [1]. Fukunaga K, et, al. 2-(2-Phenylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones; a new class of potent, selective and orally active glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2013 Dec 15;23(24):6933-7.[2]. Griebel G, et, al. The selective GSK3 inhibitor, SAR502250, displays neuroprotective activity and attenuates behavioral impairments in models of neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in rodents. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 2;9(1):18045.

MTP 131 acetate 是一种小的线粒体靶向四肽。

(E)-Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 10-250 and 150->500 μg/ml, respectively) and fungi (MICs = 15-50 μg/ml).1(E)-Ajoene inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231 breast, HeLa cervical, and WHCO1 esophageal cancer cells (IC50s = 18.6, 61, and 39.2 μM, respectively).2It also inhibits human glutathione reductase andT. cruzitrypanothione reductase when used at a concentration of 200 μM.3(E)-Ajoene (25 mg/kg) is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, reducing reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis in the hippocampal CA1 region.4 1.Yoshida, H., Iwata, N., Katsuzaki, H., et al.Antimicrobial activity of a compound isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extractBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(5)1014-1017(1998) 2.Kaschula, C.H., Hunter, R., Hassan, H.T., et al.Anti-proliferation activity of synthetic ajoene analogues on cancer cell-linesAnticancer Agents Med. Chem.11(3)260-266(2011) 3.Gallwitz, H., Bonse, S., Martinez-Cruz, A., et al.Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: Crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studiesJ. Med. Chem.42(3)364-372(1999) 4.Yoo, D.Y., Kim, W., Nam, S.M., et al.Neuroprotective effects of Z-ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemiaFood Chem. Toxicol.721-7(2014)

S1R agonist 2 (Compound 8b) hydrochloride，作为一种选择性S1R激动剂，对S1R的Ki值为1.1 nM，而对S2R为88 nM。它能够保护神经系统免受ROS和NMDA诱导的毒性损伤。

(S)-Roscovitine ((S)-Seliciclib; (S)-CYC202) 作为一种能够穿过血脑屏障的CDKs抑制剂，展现出显著的有效性。此化合物不仅具有神经保护功能，还表现出在中风研究中的应用潜力。

Isoastilbin 是Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae 和Astragalus membranaceus 中的二氢黄酮醇糖苷。它抑制酪氨酸酶活性，还抑制葡萄糖基转移酶，IC50值为 54.3 μg mL。它具有神经保护、抗氧化、抗微生物和抗凋亡活性，可研究阿尔茨海默氏病。

(S,S)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((S,S)-SDG) 是存在于亚麻籽中的木脂素，具有抗炎，抗氧化，抗微生物和神经保护等作用，可用于研究肥胖、关节炎和骨质疏松症。