Tpl2 kinase inhibitor is an inhibitor of tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2; IC50= 0.05 μM).1It is selective for Tpl2 over MEK, p38 MAPK, Src, MK2, and PKC (IC50s = >40, 180, >400, 110, and >400 μM, respectively). Tpl2 kinase inhibitor inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in isolated human monocytes and whole blood (IC50s = 0.7 and 8.5 μM, respectively). It enhances differentiation induced by calcitriol in HL-60 and U937 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM.2Tpl2 kinase inhibitor (5 μM) inhibits the proliferation of KG-1a leukemia cells.3 1.Garvin, L.K., Green, N., Hu, Y., et al.Inhibition of Tpl2 kinase and TNF-α production with 1,7-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles: Synthesis and structure-activity relationshipsBioor. Med. Chem. Lett.15(23)5288-5292(2005) 2.Wang, X., and Studzinski, G.P.Expression of MAP3 kinase COT1 is up-regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in parallel with activated c-jun during differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cellsJ. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol.121(1-2)395-398(2010) 3.Wang, X., Gocek, E., Novik, V., et al.Inhibition of Cot1/Tlp2 oncogene in AML cells reduces ERK5 activation and up-regulates p27Kip1 concomitant with enhancement of differentiation and cell cycle arrest induced by silibinin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3Cell Cycle9(22)4542-4551(2010)
The Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein participates in RNA splicing. Decreases in SMN, typically a consequence of defects in the smn1 gene, result in the death of motor neurons and lead to the neurodegenerative disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Cuspin-1 is a small molecule upregulator of SMN that has been shown in vitro to increase levels of SMN in SMA patient fibroblasts by 50% at 18 μM. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve increased phosphorylation of ERK to initiate Ras-Raf-MEK signaling, which results in an increased rate of SMN translation.
iMDK quarterhydrate, a potent PI3K inhibitor, is effective ininhibiting the growth factor MDK (also known as midkine or MK) while demonstrating suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In combination with a MEKinhibitor, iMDK quarterhydrate demonstrates cooperative inhibition of NSCLC without causing harm to normal cells and mice [1].
Protein kinase D (PKD), a serine threonine protein kinase activated by diacylglycerol downstream of PKC signaling, has three human isoforms that modulate cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and protein transport. CRT0066101 acts as an inhibitor of these three PKD isoforms, with IC50 values of 1, 2.5, and 2 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively. It demonstrates selectivity for PKD over a range of more than 90 protein kinases, including PKCα, PKBα, MEK, ERK, c-Raf, c-Src, and c-Abl. This specificity allows CRT0066101 to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and notably reduce the viability of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Potent, selective and competitive corticotropin-releasing factor CRF2 receptor antagonist (Kd values are 1.4 and 153.6 nM for binding to mouse CRF2β and rat CRF1 receptors respectively). Inhibits sauvagine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK-mCRF2β cells