gaba-at

GABA-AT-IN-1 (Compound 6) 是一种能够透过血脑屏障的 γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶（GABA-AT）抑制剂。GABA-AT-IN-1 可以明显增加小鼠大脑 GABA 水平，能够用作抗惊厥药物。

Broflanilide 是昆虫抗狄氏剂 GABA 受体拮抗剂，可代谢为 Desmethyl-Broflanilide，抑制斜纹夜蛾 RDL GABAR，IC50值为 1.3 nM。

Baclofen (Lioresal) 是 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 的亲脂性衍生物，是可口服的选择性代谢型 GABA-B 受体激动剂，具有高血脑屏障渗透率，用于治疗因脊髓损伤和多发性硬化引起的痉挛。

L-Allylglycine 是 GABA 合成酶（谷氨酸脱羧酶）的有效抑制剂。

(-)-borneol (L-Borneol) 对 GABA 受体具有高效的正向调节作用，EC50 为 237 μM。

FG 7142 (LSU-65) 是一种非选择性苯二氮卓类反向激动剂，对含 α1 亚基的 GABAA 受体具有高亲和力，Ki 为 91 nM。它还调节 GABA 诱导的 GABAA 受体上的氯离子通量，表达 α1 亚基，EC50为 137 nM。它可增加酪氨酸羟基化并导致小鼠大脑皮层中 β-肾上腺素受体的上调。

Etifoxine hydrochloride (HOE 36-801 hydrochloride) 是GABAA 受体亚基 α1β2γ2 和 α1β3γ2 的阳性变构调节剂，是具有 GABA 能的非苯二氮卓类抗焦虑和抗惊厥药物。

NS11394 是可口服GABAA 的阳性变构调节剂 (PAM)，Ki 值为 0.5 nM。它对GABAA 的选择性依次为 α5、α3、α2 和α1 受体，具有抗炎和抗焦虑活性。

COR659 是一种有效的 GABAB 的阳性变构调节剂。COR659具有缓解大鼠对酒精和巧克力成瘾的作用。

Unifiram 是一种认知增强剂。 Unifiram 诱导大鼠海马 CA1 区场兴奋性突触后电位 (fEPSP) 幅度的持久增加 (EC50= 27 nM) 并增加大鼠大脑皮层中乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 的释放。

Baclofen hydrochloride (4-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)butanoic acid hydron chloride) 是一种 GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID 衍生物，是一种特异性 GABA-B 受体激动剂。它用于治疗肌肉痉挛，尤其是由于脊髓损伤引起的肌肉痉挛。其治疗效果来自于脊髓和脊髓上部位的作用，通常是减少兴奋性传递。

Bifenazate 是 GABA 受体的正向变构调节剂。 Bifenazate 是一种杀螨剂，可在 25 ppm 的浓度下控制 100% 的螨虫。

Arbaclofen hydrochloride, a Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid derivative, is a specific agonist of GABA-B receptors, it is used to treat spasticity, especially that due to spinal cord damage. It acts at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally reduces excitatory tra

Prasterone is an endogenous steroid hormone. Prasterone acts as an agonist at ERβ, NMDA, and σ1 receptors, a partial agonist at ERα and AR, and antagonist at GABA-A receptors. It displays a variety of biologocial activities, including enhancing working me

NNC052090 is a GABA uptake inhibitor that displays moderate selectivity for BGT-1 transporters with Ki values are 1.4, 15, 19 and 41 μM for hBGT-1, hGAT-3, hGAT-1 and hGAT-2 respectively. NNC052090 also displays affinity at α1- and D2-receptors with IC50

UMB-68 is a GHB receptor ligand with no affinity (IC(50) >100 microM) at GABA(A) or GABA(B) receptors.

ZK-91296 is a GABA receptor agonist. ZK 91296 can reduce anxiety in animals at doses well below those causing sedation. ZK 91296 may possess pharmacological selectivity for a particular type of BZ receptor interaction, perhaps including topographic as wel

Milbemycin A3 is a member of a complex family of macrocyclic lactones that contain a characteristic spiroketal group produced from the fermentation of soil bacterium S. hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. As a compound that potentiates glutamate and GABA-gated chloride-channel opening, milbemycin A3 is used as a nematocide and insecticide. The acaricidal and nematocidal activity of a mixture of milbemycin A3 and milbemycin A4 against adult spider mites, spider mite eggs, and C. elegans are reported at IC50 values of 5.3, 41.1, and 9.5 μg/ml.

Alaproclate is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).1,2 It inhibits depletion of serotonin (5-HT) induced by 4-methyl-α-ethyl-m-tyramine in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum (EC50s = 18, 4, 8, and 12 mg kg, respectively).1 Alaproclate inhibits NMDA-evoked currents and depolarization-induced voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat hippocampal neurons (IC50s = 1.1 and 6.9 μM, respectively) and does not inhibit GABA-evoked currents when used at concentrations up to 100 μM.2 It increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in N2a murine neuroblastoma cells expressing apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4; IC50 = 2.3 μM) and in the hippocampus in the FXFAD-ApoE4 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease when administered at a dose of 20 mg kg twice daily.3 Alaproclate (40 mg kg) decreases immobility time in the forced swim test in rats, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Michael, G.B., Eidam, C., Kadlec, K., et al. Increased MICs of gamithromycin and tildipirosin in the presence of the genes erm(42) and msr(E)-mph(E) for bovine Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67(6), 1555-1557 (2012).2. Svensson, B.E., Werkman, T.R., and Rogawski, M.A. Alaproclate effects on voltage-dependent K+ channels and NMDA receptors: Studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and fibroblast cells transformed with Kv1.2 K+ channel cDNA. Neuropharmacology 33(6), 795-804 (1994).3. Campagna, J., Soilman, P., Jagodzinska, B., et al. A small molecule ApoE4-targeted therapeutic candidate that normalizes sirtuin 1 levels and improves cognition in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 17574 (2018).4. Danysz, W.P., A., Kostowski, W., Malatynska, E., et al. Comparison of desipramine, amitriptyline, zimeldine and alaproclate in six animal models used to investigate antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 62(1), 42-50 (1988). Alaproclate is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).1,2 It inhibits depletion of serotonin (5-HT) induced by 4-methyl-α-ethyl-m-tyramine in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum (EC50s = 18, 4, 8, and 12 mg kg, respectively).1 Alaproclate inhibits NMDA-evoked currents and depolarization-induced voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat hippocampal neurons (IC50s = 1.1 and 6.9 μM, respectively) and does not inhibit GABA-evoked currents when used at concentrations up to 100 μM.2 It increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in N2a murine neuroblastoma cells expressing apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4; IC50 = 2.3 μM) and in the hippocampus in the FXFAD-ApoE4 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease when administered at a dose of 20 mg kg twice daily.3 Alaproclate (40 mg kg) decreases immobility time in the forced swim test in rats, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Michael, G.B., Eidam, C., Kadlec, K., et al. Increased MICs of gamithromycin and tildipirosin in the presence of the genes erm(42) and msr(E)-mph(E) for bovine Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67(6), 1555-1557 (2012).2. Svensson, B.E., Werkman, T.R., and Rogawski, M.A. Alaproclate effects on voltage-dependent K+ channels and NMDA receptors: Studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and fibroblast cells transformed with Kv1.2 K+ channel cDNA. Neuropharmacology 33(6), 795-804 (1994).3. Campagna, J., Soilman, P., Jagodzinska, B., et al. A small molecule ApoE4-targeted therapeutic candidate that normalizes sirtuin 1 levels and improves cognition in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 17574 (2018).4. Danysz, W.P., A., Kostowski, W., Malatynska, E., et al. Comparison of desipramine, amitriptyline, zimeldine and alaproclate in six animal models used to investigate antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 62(1), 42-50 (1988).

5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol is a steroid pheromone that has been found in boar testes and human male axillary sweat and has diverse biological activities.1,2It enhances GABA-activated currents in primary mouse cerebellar granule cells (EC50= 0.4 μM).25α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol (0.1-1 μM) increases the amplitude of GABA-activated currents in HEK293 cells expressing human α1β2γ2and α2β2γ2subunit-containing GABAAreceptors.In vivo, 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (5-10 mg kg) decreases immobility time in the forced swim test in mice. It increases time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating anxiolytic-like activity, when administered at doses ranging from 30 to 50 mg kg. 5α-Androst-16-en-3α-ol protects against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole or electroshock in mice (ED50s = 48.9 and 21.9 mg kg, respectively). 1.Brooksbank, B.W., Brown, R., and Gustafsson, J.A.The detection of 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol in human male axillary sweatExperientia30(8)864-865(1974) 2.Kaminski, R.M., Marini, H., Ortinski, P.I., et al.The pheromone androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol) is a neurosteroid positive modulator of GABAA receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.317(2)694-703(2006)

5β-Dihydroprogesterone (5β-DHP) is a progesterone receptor agonist and metabolite of progesterone .1,2It is formed from progesterone by 5β-reductase.25β-DHP inhibits spontaneous contractions in isolated rat uterus when used at a concentration of 10 μg ml, an effect that can be blocked by the progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 but not the GABAAreceptor antagonist picrotoxin .1It is a negative modulator of homooligomeric Ρ1 subunit-containing GABAAreceptors, inhibiting GABA-induced currents inX. laevisoocytes expressing these receptors (IC50= 5.02 μM).3Plasma levels of 5β-DHP decrease at the onset of spontaneous human labor.4

Afizagabar (S44819) is a first-in-class, competitive, and selective antagonist at the GABA-binding site of the α5-GABAAR, with an IC50 of 585 nM for α5β2γ2 and a Ki of 66 nM for α5β3γ2. Afizagabar enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and exhibits pro-cognitive efficacy[1]. Afizagabar (S44819) is a competitive α5-GABAAR antagonist (Kb=221 nM). Afizagabar selectively inhibits extrasynaptic α5-GABAARs of mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons[1]. Afizagabar (1 and 3 mg kg; i.p.) significantly diminishes the marked increase in total errors induced by Scopolamine[1]. [1]. Etherington LA, et al. Selective inhibition of extra-synaptic α5-GABAA receptors by S44819, a new therapeutic agent. Neuropharmacology. 2017;125:353-364.

Potent and selective inhibitor of the glial glycine transporter GlyT1b (IC50 = 6.9 nM). Displays negligible activity at GlyT-2, adrenoreceptors, dopamine, 5HT receptors and noradrenaline, dopamine, 5HT and GABA transporters (pIC50 in vivo. Chue et al (2013) Glycine reuptake inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in schizophrenia: focus on the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Curr.Pharm.Des. 19 1311 PMID:23194655 |Brown et al (2001) Discovery and SAR of org 24598-a selective glycine uptake inhibitor. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 11 2007 PMID:11454468 |Williams et al (2003) Development of a scintillation proximity assay for analysis of Na+ Cl- -dependent neurotransmitter transporter activity. Anal. Biochem. 321 31 PMID:12963052

Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone(Tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone) 是一种有效的 GABAA 受体正变构调节剂 (PAM)，具有神经保护活性， 选择性抑制神经类固醇介导的 GABA 诱发电流在 GABAA 受体上的增强，可用于研究神经疾病。