fungicidal

Phenothiazine (ENT 38) 是一种抗生素，具有杀虫，抗菌，驱虫和杀真菌活性。它也可研究神经系统疾病。

Sulbentine (Dibenzthione) 是一种具有抑菌和杀真菌活性的唑类抗真菌试剂，可作为局部抗菌试剂。

Hexetidine (NSC-17764) 是一种口服活性的抗菌抗真菌试剂，可用于口腔感染的相关研究。

Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) 是一种抗生素。它具有抗真菌活性，对皮肤真菌、曲霉、Sporothrix schenckii、假丝酵母属的酵母有抑制作用。

DDAC (Quaternium 12)，即Didecyldimethylammonium chloride，是一种广泛应用于各种产品中的双烷基季铵化合物，因其具有杀菌、杀病毒和杀真菌的特性而受到重视。

Taurolidine 是一种广谱抗菌剂，用于预防中心静脉导管相关感染。它具有抗真菌和抗肿瘤作用。

Oxiconazole（奥昔康唑）是一种广谱咪唑类抗真菌剂，对T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, T. violaceum, E. floccosum, M. canis, M. audouini, M. gypseum, C. albicans, and M. furfur.具有杀菌活性，通过破坏细胞色素P450酶（羊毛甾醇14- α去甲基化酶），抑制麦角甾醇的生物合成，破坏真菌细胞膜完整性。还可以抑制DNA合成和抑制细胞内ATP的浓度。

Lariciresinol 是一种肠木脂素前体，它通过破坏真菌质膜具有杀真菌活性，并具有作为治疗人类真菌感染性疾病的新型抗真菌剂的治疗潜力。膳食 lariciresinol 可以减缓乳腺肿瘤的生长并降低人 MCF-7 乳腺癌异种移植物和致癌物诱导的大鼠乳腺肿瘤的血管密度。

Fluindapyr 是一种属于琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂 (SDHIs) 的手性吡唑酰胺类广谱杀真菌剂。它不仅展示了广泛的杀菌谱和卓越的效果，同时在体外实验中对M. incognita也显示出有效性。此外，Fluindapyr 在黄瓜上的应用还能促进植物生长。

Flufenoxadiazam 是一种高效的杀菌剂，特别对大豆锈病菌 (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) 和小麦叶锈菌 (Puccinia triticina) 展现出显著的抑制效果。

Flubeneteram (Flu) 是一种新型的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI），对F. graminearum展示出强效的杀菌活性。

bc1 Complex-IN-1 (compound 12g) 是一种强效的bc1 complex抑制剂，并对黄瓜霜霉病 (CDM) 展现出杀菌特性。

Antifungalagent 125 (compound 4H) 是一种有效的琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH) 抑制剂，其IC50值为3.59 μg mL，并对链格孢菌 (Alternaria alternata) 显示出杀菌活性。

HDAC-IN-87 (Compound XII6) 是一种非选择性HDAC抑制剂，其对HDAC4和HDAC6的pIC50分别为6.9和5.8。HDAC-IN-87 对P. sorghi和P. pachyrhizi展现出杀菌活性。在雄性和雌性大鼠中的急性口服LD50均大于500 mg kg。

Pecilocin is a fungicidal antibiotic generated by Paecilomyces varioti Bainier var. antibioticus.

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC50= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50= 1 μM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50= 5.2 μM).1 1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)

O-11 is an analog of the fully saturated, 14-carbon fatty acid myristic acid, in which the methylene group at position 11 is replaced with oxygen. It is highly effective and selective at killingTrypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, exhibiting an LD50of less than 1 μM in a cell culture assay.1,2The toxic effects of O-11 appear to be caused by its ability to inhibit the incorporation of a single myristate into the GPI anchor of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), a protein critical for evading the host immune response.1O-11 exhibits essentially no anti-fungal activity when assayed usingC. neoformans, but does have a minor inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in T-lymphocytes.3 1.Doering, T.L., Raper, J., Buxbaum, L.U., et al.An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomesScience2521851-1854(1991) 2.Doering, T.L., Lu, T., Werbovetz, K.A., et al.Toxicity of myristic acid analogs toward African trypanosomesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America919735-9739(1994) 3.Langner, C.A., Lodge, J.K., Travis, S.J., et al.4-Oxatetradecanoic acid is fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans and inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus IThe Journal of Biological Chemisty267(24)17159-17169(1992)

Sphinganine is a synthetic bioactive sphingolipid that inhibits the growth of C. glabrata and C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 0.5 μg/ml for both. More commonly, sphinganine is used as an internal standard in the analysis of sphingoid compounds by chromatographic or spectrometric methods.

Cymoxanil is a fungicidal against plant diseases caused by fungi belonging to the Perenosporales[1]. [1]. Frederique Tellier , et al. Characterization of Metabolites of Fungicidal Cymoxanil in a Sensitive Strain of Botrytis Cinerea. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Sep 10;56(17):8050-7.

Aspyrone is a polyketide fungal metabolite that has been found inAspergillusand has diverse biological activities.1,2It is active against a panel of 13 fungi when used at a concentration of 20 μg ml and a panel of 21 bacteria in a disc assay when used at a concentration of 100 μg per disc.1Aspyrone (10-1,000 mg L) is nematocidal againstP. penetrans.2 1.Torres, M., Balcells, M., Sala, N., et al.Bactericidal and fungicidal activity of Aspergillus ochraceus metabolites and some derivativesPestic. Sci.53(1)9-14(1999) 2.Kimura, Y., Nakahara, S., and Fujioka, S.Aspyrone, a nematicidal compound isolated from the fungus, Aspergillus melleusBiosci. Biotech. Biochem.60(8)1375-1376(1996)

Benanomicin A is a microbial metabolite that has been found inActinomycetesand has antifungal, fungicidal, and antiviral activities.1,2It is active against a variety of mammalian and plant pathogenic fungi, includingC. albicans,T. mentagrophytes,C. neoformans,P. oryzae, andA. niger(MICs = 3.13-50 μg ml).1Benanomicin A inhibits HIV-1 viral infection in MT-4 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.2 1.Takeuchi, T., Hara, T., Naganawa, H., et al.New antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B from an actinomyceteJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)41(6)807-811(1987) 2.Kondo, S., Gomi, S., Ikeda, D., et al.Antifungal and antiviral activities of benanomicins and their analoguesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)44(11)1228-1236(1990)

Benanomicin B is a microbial metabolite that has been found inActinomycetesand has antifungal, fungicidal, and antiviral activities.1,2It is active against a variety of mammalian and plant pathogenic fungi, includingC. albicans,T. mentagrophytes,C. neoformans, andP. oryzae(MICs = 1.56-50 μg ml).1Benanomicin B inhibits HIV-1 viral infection in MT-4 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.2 1.Takeuchi, T., Hara, T., Naganawa, H., et al.New antifungal antibiotics, benanomicins A and B from an actinomyceteJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)41(6)807-811(1987) 2.Kondo, S., Gomi, S., Ikeda, D., et al.Antifungal and antiviral activities of benanomicins and their analoguesJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)44(11)1228-1236(1990)

Y12196, a newly developed succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), demonstrates potent fungicidal effects specifically targeting F. graminearum.