surgery

Nitroprusside disodium dihydrate (Sodium Nitroprusside Dihydrate) 是一种血管扩张剂，通过在血液中自发释放 NO 发挥作用。它可在谷胱甘肽耗竭的成骨细胞中诱导自噬，用于急性高血压和心力衰竭的研究。

GW-493838是一种有效的腺苷 A1A 受体激动剂，用于治疗血脂异常和神经性疼痛，对创伤或手术引起的疱疹后神经痛或周围神经损伤具有镇痛效果。

SYA 006 可用于制作眼科手术的粘合剂。

Rocuronium bromide (ORG 9426) 是一种氨基甾体类的、非去极化的神经肌肉受体抑制剂，也是一种肌肉松弛剂。

Hyaluronidase (Hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase) 是一种天然存在的酶，能够分裂糖苷键，使透明质酸解聚。它可用于眼科手术。

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) 是一种拟副交感神经剂，是毒蕈碱型受体 (mAChR) 激动剂，通过直接刺激副交感神经系统的 mAChR 发挥作用。

CLT-28643是一种有效和特异性的α5β1-Integrin抑制剂，能够预防青光眼滤过手术（GFS）的纤维化，抑制肿瘤生长和血管生成，在博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化模型中抑制纤维化和炎症，改善肥胖小鼠H9C2细胞的胰岛素敏感性和心脏功能。

Mapracorat（ZK-245186，BOL-303242X）是一种选择性糖皮质激素受体（glucocorticoid receptor）激动剂，常用作抗炎药，可用于特应性皮炎、白内障术后炎症、过敏性结膜炎。

Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate (GR 38032) 是5- HT3受体拮抗剂，可治疗化疗后的恶心和呕吐，有抗焦虑和抗精神病作用。

JNK-IN-19 (Compound Q8) 为c-Jun N-terminal kinase抑制剂，旨在治疗及 或预防手术前、中、后所致损伤。

Sodium picofosfate 作为一种接触性刺激性泻药，主要用于缓解便秘或在进行结肠镜检查或手术前准备大肠。

Pegulicianine是一种影像剂，用于在接受乳腺保乳手术(BCS)的女性患者中检测肿瘤床内的残留癌细胞。

ACSF is often used as a replacement of CSF for perfusion of brain slices to preserve interneurons. ACSF is invented to reduce the incidence of cerebral edema and further suppress brain cell disorders. And ACSF is often used as an irrigation fluid or perfu

Laudexium is a neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs. It is used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle re

Laudexium methylsulfate is a neuromuscular blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant. It is used adjunctively in surgical anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

Hexafluronium bromide is a neuromuscular blocker and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist used in anesthesiology to prolong and enhance the skeletal muscle relaxation of succinylcholine during surgery.

Fluorometholone (Fluoromethalone) 是合成糖皮质激素，具有抗炎和抗过敏作用。它可用作糖皮质激素受体激动剂，能够用于干眼症的研究。

Neostigmine Iodide is a parasympathic compound used as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to improve muscle tone in patients with myasthenia gravis and in routine anesthesia to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants such as rocu

Refortan, as hydroxyethyl starch, can be used in surgery for maintaining hemostasis in patients.

δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide. Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid. It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 μl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally. Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991). PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2 References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991).

D-Glucosamine-6-sulfate is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. It activates the glmS ribozyme from B. subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium, when used at a concentration of 200 μM. It has been used to form polyvalent dendrimer conjugates that inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation induced by FGF-2 in vitro and prevent scar tissue formation in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery.

p-SCN-Bn-DOTA 是一种螯合剂，可同时螯合放射性核素和连接单克隆抗体，可作为放射引导手术的示踪剂，可用于肿瘤的放射免疫研究。

(±) Anabasine 是肌肉松弛剂，能够用于外科手术时肌肉松驰。