prostaglandin a-2

PGA2 is a naturally occurring prostaglandin in gorgonian corals where it may function in self defense. It is generally not present in mammals. PGA2 has low biological potency in most bioassays, but it does show some antiviral antitumor activity.[1] At a 25 uM concentration, PGA2 blocks the cell cycle progression of NIH 3T3 cells at the G1 and G2 M phase .[2] It has also been shown to act as a vasodilator with natriuretic properties.[3]

16,16-dimethyl PGA2 is a metabolism-resistant analog of PGA2 with a prolonged in vivo half-life. It inhibits the proliferation of Sendai virus in cultured African green monkey kidney cells by >90% at a concentration of 4 μg ml. Daily infusion of 10 μg of 16,16-dimethyl PGA2 methyl ester into mice infected with influenza A virus increased survival by 40%. Similar treatment of mice inoculated with erythroleukemia cells delayed tumor growth and increased survival time.

8-iso Prostaglandin A2 是一种异前列腺素，可由花生四烯酸的非酶氧化产生。

Arbaprostil, a synthetic analog of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) known as 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2, was developed for its cytoprotective activity. In the commercial production of bulk arbaprostil, one potential impurity is 15(R)-15-methyl Prostaglandin A2 (15(R)-15-methyl PGA2). The pharmacology and EP receptor binding affinity of 15(R)-15-methyl PGA2 have not been reported.

17-phenyl trinor-13,14-dihydro Prostaglandin A2 is a synthetic analog of prostaglandin with relatively unexplored biological activity. Similarly structured, particularly in its lower side chain, to the PGF2α analog latanoprost, which is an approved glaucoma treatment, this compound presents an interesting subject for further pharmaceutical research and potential therapeutic applications.

17-Phenyl trinor prostaglandin A2是一种合成前列腺素模拟物。

Ketoprofen (RP-19583) 是一种非甾体抗炎剂，能够有效地抑制COX 的活性，在人血单核细胞中，对 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 2 nM 和 26 nM。

Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) 是一种新型非甾体抗炎药，是高活性 COX-1 和 COX-2 抑制剂，IC50 分别为 5 和 8 nM。

Rebamipide (OPC12759) 是一种粘膜保护剂，可诱导COX-2表达，增加PGE2水平，并以 COX-2 依赖性方式增强胃粘膜防御。

Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) 是一种可口服的 COX 抑制剂，抑制 COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 5.56 和 7.45 nM。它是一种溴化非甾体类抗炎药，有用于白内障的术后炎症和疼痛以及假晶状体囊状黄斑水肿的研究。

(2-{[2-(2-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]sulfanyl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid是一种前列腺素类 CRTH2拮抗剂，其IC50< 10 μM，可用于研究鼻炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、类风湿性关节炎、湿疹和结膜炎。

HPGDS inhibitor 2 (GSK-2894631A) 是高效的造血前列腺素 D 合成酶(H-PGDS)选择性抑制剂(IC50:9.9 nM)。

2-(E-2-decenoylamino)ethyl 2-(cyclohexylethyl) sulfide is a compound known to inhibit stress-induced ulcers, effectively maintaining the levels of phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin E2 in rats subjected to water immersion-restrained stress-induced ulceration.

HQL-79 is a selective and orally active human hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitor. It inhibits the synthesis of PGD2 and acts as an anti-allergic agent (Kd: 0.8 μM and IC50: 6 μM). It also shows no obvious effect on COX-1, COX-2, m-P

Omidenepag (UR-7276) 是一种具有选择性和高效性的前列腺素 E2 受体 2 (EP2)激动剂，也是一种新型局部眼部降压药。Omidenepag可用于研究青光眼和高眼压症。

HPGDS inhibitor 1 是口服具有活性的HPGDS 选择性抑制剂，在酶和细胞分析中的IC50值分别为 0.6 nM 和 32 nM，但对 L-PGDS、mPGES、COX-1、COX-2 、5-LOX 无抑制作用。

AGU654 (Compound 44) 是一种效力强的mPGES-1选择性抑制剂，对mPGES-1的IC50值为2.9 nM。通过抑制mPGES-1，AGU654 阻断COX-1 2将花生四烯酸转化为前列腺素E2 (PGE2) 的通路，从而有效缓解炎症、疼痛及发热。在活化的人单核细胞衍生巨噬细胞和人全血模型中，AGU654 能选择性抑制细菌外毒素诱导的PGE2生成，同时不影响其他前列腺素的产生。在豚鼠模型中，它显著减轻了发热、炎症和炎症性疼痛，展现出显著的抗炎、镇痛和退热功效。AGU654 有潜力成为研究炎症性疾病和疼痛的新方法。

Licarin A（里卡灵A）是一种天然的木脂素类化合物，能够通过抑制 PKCα βII 和 p38 MAPK 通路，从而降低 TNF-α（IC50=12.6 μM）和前列腺素 D2（PGD2）的分泌以及COX-2的表达，具有抗炎和抗过敏的潜力。

Butaprost is a chemical compound that functions as a selective agonist for the prostaglandin E receptor (EP2). It exhibits an EC50 of 33 nM and a Ki of 2.4 μM when interacting with the murine EP2 receptor. However, Butaprost demonstrates lower activity against murine EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptors. Furthermore, it effectively attenuates fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β Smad2 signaling pathway [1] [2] [3].

Beta-Sitosterol (SKF 14463) 属于天然产物，是一种植物甾醇，广泛存在于植物界。Beta-Sitosterol 的摄人量与许多慢性病的发生率有关系，比如具有明显降低血清胆固醇的功效。

Prostalene is a prostaglandin F(2)alpha analogue used in pregnancy.

2,5-dimethyl Celecoxib 是塞来昔布衍生物和微粒体前列腺素 E 合酶 1 (mPGES-1) 的靶向抑制剂，mPGES-1 是炎症介质 PGE2 合成途径中的关键酶。

PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991). PGBx is a mixture of oligomers of PGB1 with a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500. It has antioxidant and free radical trapping activity that was first studied in isolated mitochondria.1 PGBx has anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activity which may be attributed to inhibition of the 14 kDa sPLA2.2,3 At a dose of 1 mg/kg, PGBx significantly reduces the incidence of ulcers in rats.2 References1. Polis, B.D., Polis, E., and Kwong, S. Protection and reactivation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by a stable free-radical prostaglandin polymer (PGBΧ). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76, 1598-1602 (1979).2. Kumashiro, R., Devlin, T.M., Kholoussy, A.M., et al. Prostaglandin BΧ in the prevention of stress ulcers in rats. International Surgery 70, 247-250 (1985).3. Franson, R.C., Rosenthal, M.D., and Regelson, W. Mechanism(s) of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of PGB1 oligomers: PGBx has potent anti-phospholipase A2 and anti-oxidant activity. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 43, 63-70 (1991).

1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol is a bioactive alkyl glyceryl ether. It reduces UVB-induced cell death and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin E2 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol (50 μM) increases coronary flow and left ventricular developed pressure and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) formation ex vivo in a rat heart model of ischemia reperfusion injury. [2].Maulik, N., Tosaki, A., Engelman, R.M., et al. Myocardial salvage by chimyl alcohol: Possible role of peroxisomal dysfunction in reperfusion injury Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 723(1), 380-384 (1994).