precursors

1-Phenylpropane-1,2-dione (Acetyl benzoyl) 是麻黄素生物碱的生物合成前体，分离自从嫩麻黄中。

MRT-81 是一种人和啮齿动物 smoothened 受体的有效拮抗剂，能够抑制 hedgehog 的活性，在 Shh-light2 细胞中的IC50值为 41 nM。它可用于研究癌症。

Heparin cofactor II precursor (SERPIND1) fragment [Homo sapiens] is a peptide with the sequence H2N-Phe-Thr-Val-Asp-Arg- Pro-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Ile-Tyr-Glu-His-Arg-OH, MW=1953.25.

Ketoprofen (RP-19583) 是一种非甾体抗炎剂，能够有效地抑制COX 的活性，在人血单核细胞中，对 COX-1 和 COX-2 的IC50值分别为 2 nM 和 26 nM。

Ibuprofen (Advil) 是一种丙酸衍生物和非甾体抗炎药 (NSAID)，具有抗炎、镇痛和解热作用。它是COX-1和COX-2的抑制剂，IC50值分别为 13 和 370 μM，导致前列腺素和血栓素前体的形成减少。

Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) 是一种可口服的 COX 抑制剂，抑制 COX-1和COX-2的IC50值分别为 5.56 和 7.45 nM。它是一种溴化非甾体类抗炎药，有用于白内障的术后炎症和疼痛以及假晶状体囊状黄斑水肿的研究。

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 是一种苯丙氨酸代谢的中间产物，是一种酶抑制剂。

(E)-2-Butenoic acid (Crotonic acid) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

L-aspartic acid potasium salt（VX-548） 是一种广泛存在于动植物体内的氨基酸。L-aspartic acid potasium salt驱动氮氧化物的产生，从而促进吞噬作用，有助于提高鱼类的成活率。L-aspartic acid potasium salt 可对抗生素产生刺激，刺激作用可能与参与天冬氨酸-4-半醛生物合成的前体有关。

Oleylamine(油胺）是一种长链伯胺，具有表面活性剂的特性，在工业中用途广泛，溶于多种有机溶剂且不溶于水。cis-1-Amino-9-octadecene用于控制纳米粒子的形态并防止聚集和将金属前体还原为金属纳米粒子。

Dynarrestin 是一种细胞质动力蛋白 1 和 2的氨基噻唑抑制剂。它能够快速的、可逆的抑制动力蛋白 1 驱动的微管在体外滑动和细胞内动力蛋白 1 和 2 依赖性过程，且不影响 ATP 水解和干扰纤毛发生。它可抑制神经元前体和肿瘤细胞的刺猬因子依赖性增殖。

Maleimido-tri(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Maleimido-tri(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid is used for the preparation of neolymphostin-based ADC precursors for site-spec

5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-Chlorodeoxyuridine) 是胸腺嘧啶的类似物，可用于次氯酸对 DNA 和 DNA 前体的破坏作用的研究。

Cycloate is a herbicide. It inhibits the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, which is the essential constituents of plant suberin and waxes. Fatty acids also serve as precursors of aliphatic carbon chains in resorcinolic lipids.

Artemisitene 是青蒿素的氧化形式，是一种抗疟药。青蒿素前体是青蒿素生物合成的重要基础物质，包括青蒿素 B、青蒿素、青蒿酸等。

SC 19220 是一种前列腺素 E2 受体 EP1 拮抗剂。SC 19220通过抑制破骨细胞前体中的 RANK RANKL 信号通路来抑制 RANKL 诱导的破骨细胞生成。

HPI-1 (hydrate) is a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor that suppresses signaling through Sonic Hh (IC50= 1.5 μM) without significantly affecting Wnt signaling (IC50≥ 30 μM).1HPI-1 suppresses Hh activation induced by loss of Suppressor of Fused or by Gli overexpression, suggesting action at posttranslational modification of Gli protein or at the interaction of Gli with a co-factor.1HPI-1 (hydrate) also inhibits signaling through the oncogenic Smoothened (Smo) mutant SmoM2 in neuron precursors, preventing cell proliferation.1 1.Hyman, J.M., Firestone, A.J., Heine, V.M., et al.Small-molecule inhibitors reveal multiple strategies for Hedgehog pathway blockadeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America106(33)14132-14137(2009)

Concanamycin B is a macrolide antibiotic that selectively inhibits vacuolar type H+-ATPases, also known as V-ATPases (IC50 = 5 nM). In this way, it blocks the acidification of vacuolar organelles as well as early to late endosomal transport. Concanamycin B interferes with bone resorption and maturation of CD8 T lymphocytes. It also prevents processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II precursors in human B cells, inhibiting the expression of MHC class II molecules on the cell surface.

Steryl glucosides are neutral glycolipids commonly found in plant cell membranes and vegetable oils that contain a glucose moiety conjugated to a sterol lipid. They function as glucose donors in the biosynthesis of glucocerebrosides in plant microsomes and are metabolic precursors to acylated esterified steryl glucosides. Steryl glucosides are the major component of filter- and engine-damaging precipitates formed during biodiesel production from transesterification of vegetable oils. This product contains a mixture of steryl glucosides.

N-Acylated ethanolamines (NAE) are naturally-occurring lipids that have diverse bioactivities. The different types of NAE can be derived from glycerophospho-linked precursors by the activity of glycerophosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1). Glycerophospho-N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine is the precursor of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), also known as anandamide. AEA is an endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter that binds to both central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors. It inhibits the specific binding of [3H]-HU-243 to synaptosomal membranes with a Ki value of 52 nM, compared to 46 nM for δ9-THC.

Galactosylcerebrosides are glycosphingolipids that contain a galactose attached to a ceramide acylated with a hydroxy or non-hydroxy fatty acid. They are metabolic precursors to sulfatides , found primarily in nerve tissues, and are the main glycosphingolipids in the central nervous system. Galactosylcerebrosides are involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell agglutination, cellular signaling in glycosynapses, cellular development, and activation of T cells. They accumulate in globoid cells in the brain of patients with Krabbe disease, a disorder characterized by a deficiency in galactosylcerebrosidase activity. This product is a mixture of isolated bovine hydroxy galactosylcerebrosides.

Galactosylcerebrosides are glycosphingolipids that contain a galactose attached to a ceramide acylated with a hydroxy or non-hydroxy fatty acid. They are metabolic precursors to sulfatides , found primarily in nerve tissues, and are the main glycosphingolipids in the central nervous system. Galactosylcerebrosides are involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell agglutination, cellular signaling in glycosynapses, cellular development, and activation of T cells. They accumulate in globoid cells in the brain of patients with Krabbe disease, a disorder characterized by a deficiency in galactosylcerebrosidase activity. This product is a mixture of isolated bovine non-hydroxy galactosylcerebrosides.

Chitobiose Octaacetate 是由几丁质的乙酰解形成的壳聚糖，可用于合成壳聚糖恶唑啉和其他几丁质前体。

Sphingosines are long-chain base precursors of cellular sphingolipids used directly in the synthesis of ceramide, which in combination with sialic acid forms ganglioside. Sphingosine can exist in four stereoisomers, however only sphingosine occurs naturally. Compared to other sphingolipids throughout the body, which are predominantly composed of C-18 sphingosine, only central nervous system (CNS) gangliosides contain significant amounts of sphingosine. The concentration of sphingosine within mammalian brain gangliosides apparently increases with developmental maturation. Furthermore, the ratio of C-18 to C-20 sphingosine in the brain is thought to be related to some nervous system degeneration processes.