mast 4

Stigmast-4-ene-3beta,6beta-diol possesses marked inhibitory activity against 12-O- -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice.

Stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.

6beta-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one 是一种天然产物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 TN3172，CAS号为 36450-02-9。

6α-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T124266。

Berberine (Umbellatine) 属于生物碱类天然产物，可以激活 AMPK、抑制 DNA 拓扑异构酶、诱导 ROS 生成。Berberine 具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、降血糖、降血脂等生物学活性。

Epinastine (WAL801) 是一种抗组胺剂和肥大细胞稳定剂。Epinastine 是一种有效的，选择性的，口服活性的组胺 H1 受体 (histamine H1 receptor) 拮抗剂。Epinastine 还抑制人嗜酸性粒细胞释放 IL-8 并具有抗过敏作用。

Evatanepag (CP-533536 free acid) 是一种 EP2 受体选择性前列腺素 E2 (PGE2) 激动剂，可诱导局部骨形成，EC50 为 0.3 nM。它在大鼠骨折愈合模型中以单剂量局部给药时表现出愈合骨折的能力。

PKC ζ pseudosubstrate acetate 是蛋白激酶 C (PKC) ζ 的抑制剂；附着于细胞通透性触角足结构域载体肽。由 PKC ζ 假底物结构域的氨基酸 113-129 组成，通过二硫键连接到触角足结构域载体肽。 Antennapedia 肽在 4 或 37°C 时被完整细胞积极吸收，确保快速有效地吸收抑制肽。一旦进入细胞，二硫键在细胞质中被还原，导致抑制肽的释放。通过 PKC ζ 非依赖性途径诱导肥大细胞脱粒。

Spiraeoside (Quercetin 4′-O-glucoside)是一种可从从红洋葱皮中提取的化合物，具有抗氧化活性、抗过敏、抗炎海和抗肿瘤活性，通过激活 PI3K Akt Nrf2 通路保护人心肌细胞免受高葡萄糖诱导的损伤、氧化应激和细胞凋亡，通过抑制磷脂酶 C-γ 介导的信号传导来抑制肥大细胞活化和 IgE 介导的过敏反应。

4'-O-Methylnyasol may have potential to be developed as medicines for the treatment of allergies by inhibiting the activation of mast cells.

AMG-25 (c-Kit-IN-5-1) 是一种具有选择性和高效性的 c-Kit 抑制剂，抑制 c-Kit、KDR、p38、Lck 和 Src，可用于研究肥大细胞相关纤维化疾病。

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

Interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells, NKT cells and mast cells which plays a crucial role in regulating the T cell receptor (TCR), CD28, CD2, chemokine receptor CXCR4, and FcepsilonR-mediated signaling pathways. ITK inhibitors can be used for the treatment of inflammation and immune-mediated disorders. ITK inhibitor (N-[5-[[3-[(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-4-methyl-6-methoxy-phenyl]thio]thiazol-2-yl]-4-(N-1,2-dimethylpropylaminomethyl)benzamide) is the analogue of BMS-509744, which can potently and selectively inhibit Itk kinase activity. In vitro: BMS-509744 could reduce TCR-induced functions including PLCγ1 tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, IL-2 secretion, and T-cell proliferation in vitro in both human and mouse cells [1]. In vivo: BMS-509744 suppressed the production of IL-2 induced by anti-TCR antibody administered to mice. BMS-509744 also significantly diminishes lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergy/asthma [1]. Clinical trial: Up to now, both BMS-509744 and ITK inhibitor is still in the preclinical development stage.

Inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) ζ; attached to cell permeabilisation Antennapedia domain vector peptide. Consists of amino acids 113 - 129 of PKC ζ pseudosubstrate domain linked by a disulphide bridge to the Antennapedia domain vector peptide. The Antennapedia peptide is actively taken up by intact cells, at 4 or 37°C, ensuring rapid and effective uptake of the inhibitor peptide. Once inside the cell, the disulphide bonds are subjected to reduction in the cytoplasm leading to release of the inhibitor peptide. Induces mast cell degranulation by a PKC ζ-independent pathway.

SFNGGP-NH2是一种具有生物活性的肽。PAR-3是一种与凝血酶高亲和力结合的受体，其mRNA在人类皮肤肥大细胞中得到表达。研究指出，蛋白酶激活受体（PAR）在瘙痒反应中的作用涉及组胺依赖性及独立途径。虽然PAR-3本身不直接诱发瘙痒，却可能与PAR-4共同促发此症状。它们的共同表达可增强凝血酶的效应，这表明PAR-3单独时不进行跨膜信号传导，而是作为激活PAR-4的协同因子。

Acetylshikonin 来源于紫草根，具有抗癌、抗炎作用。它是一种 AChE 抑制剂，具有很强的抗凋亡活性。它是一种非选择性的细胞色素 P450抑制剂，对所有 P450 亚型抑制的 IC50值范围为 1.4-4.0 μM。

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

Streptochlorin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces sp. SF2583 that has diverse biological activities, including antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and anti-allergic properties. It inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and decreases proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 μM. Streptochlorin (12 μg/ml) decreases viability of, as well as induces apoptosis and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in, Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It does not induce cytotoxicity in RBL-2H3 mast cells at concentrations up to 100 μM. Streptochlorin prevents degranulation in antigen-stimulated mast cells, as well as inhibits Syk kinase and the Src family kinases LYN and Fyn and reduces the secretion of TNF-α and IL-4 induced by dinitrophenyl-human serum album (DNP-HSA) in RBL-2H3 mast cells. It also decreases swelling and reduces scratching behavior in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB).

(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione 是一种天然产物,抑制中性粒细胞超氧阴离子的产生和肥大细胞组胺的释放。

Deethylindanomycin is a polyether antibiotic that has been found in S. setonii. It is active against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including various strains of S. aureus and Streptococcus, as well as one strain of S. pneumoniae (MICs = 4, 4, and 2 μg ml, respectively). It is also active against coccidia in vitro, inhibiting E. tenella development, but is inactive against E. tenella infection in chicks when administered at a dose of 200 μg g in the diet. Deethylindanomycin acts as an ionophore in lipid bilayer membranes and is more selective for potassium ions than calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions. It induces histamine release from rodent mast cells and human basophils in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner.

Timapiprant sodium inhibits mast cell activation of Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. Timapiprant sodium is a potent and selective D prostanoid receptor 2 antagonist. Timapiprant sodium potently displaces [3H] PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 (Ki=13 nM), ra

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

Adriforant (PF-3893787,ZPL-3893797,阿屈仑特)是一种竞争性的H4(histamine receptor 4)拮抗剂，拮抗组胺诱导的ERK磷酸化，使肥大细胞中组胺诱导的转录变化正常化，并降低神经元中组胺依赖性Ca 2+ 通量，可减轻小鼠瘙痒和皮肤