enzymatically

TMPD dihydrochloride 是酶促转化氧化还原的活性底物和用于还原血红素过氧化物酶的电子供体。

D-(+)-Cellobiose (Cellobiose) 是一种双糖，一种还原糖，由两个β-葡萄糖分子通过β(1→4)键连接而成。它可以被酶或酸水解成葡萄糖。

PSB-1114 tetrasodium shows >50-fold selectivity versus the P2Y4 (EC50: 9.3 μM) and P2Y6 (EC50: 7.0 μM) receptors. PSB-1114 tetrasodium is an effective, enzymatically stable, and subtype-selective P2Y2 receptor agonist (EC50: 134 nM) .

Bradykinin (acetate) 是一种由激肽释放酶-激肽系统产生的活性肽。它是一种炎症介质，也被认为是多种血管和肾功能的神经介质和调节剂。它由血液中的 kallidin 酶促产生，是一种强大的血管扩张剂，可引起平滑肌收缩，并可能介导炎症。它具有作为人血清代谢物和血管扩张剂的作用。它是缓激肽 (2+) 的互变异构体。

Ginsenoside F1 (20(S)-Ginsenoside F1) 是一种 Ginsenoside Rg1 的酶促修饰衍生物，它竞争性抑制CYP3A4，对 CYP2D6 具有较弱的抑制作用。

Enzymatically-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an optically pure compound whereas PGE2 derived from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonate is a racemic mixture. Ent-PGE2 is the opposite enantiomer of PGE2. Significant amounts of racemic PGE2 (rac-PGE2) are generated in vitro and in vivo in settings of oxidative stress via the isoprostane pathway. A proposed mechanism for the formation of rac-PGE2 involves the base catalyzed equilibration from 15-E2t-isoprostane (8-iso-PGE2), generated from the 15-H2t-isoprostane endoperoxide.

12-oxo Leukotriene B4 (12-Oxo-LTB4)是一种强效促炎脂质介质，属于通过5-脂氧合酶（5-LO）途径从花生四烯酸代谢酶解产生的二羟基脂肪酸。它能促进多种白细胞功能反应，包括细胞聚集、跨膜离子流刺激、溶酶体酶释放增强、超氧阴离子生成。12-oxo Leukotriene B4是LTB4经LTB4 12-羟基脱氢酶途径形成的初始氧化代谢物，该代谢物先经酶促快速转化为10,11-二氢-12-氧代-LTB4，再通过12-氧代基团还原生成10,11-二氢-LTB4。

5-Fluorouridine 5'-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, also known as 5'-O-β-D-galactosyl-5-fluorouridine, is a prodrug of 5-Fluorouridine. 5-Fluorouridine 5'-O-β-D-galactopyranoside can be enzymatically converted by β-D-galactosidase into 5-Fluorouridine, which is a highly effective antineoplastic agent.

2′-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)guanosine (2'-O-MOE-rG), a modified nucleoside, can be enzymatically converted from 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine riboside by adenosine deaminase. However, this compound is not readily phosphorylated by cytosolic nucleoside kinases, and it cannot be incorporated into cellular DNA or RNA.

NG-497 是一种具有选择性的小分子人类的脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶 (ATGL) 抑制剂，可以靶向人类 ATGL 的酶促活性 patatin 样结构域。NG-497在活性位点附近的疏水腔内结合ATGL。NG-497以剂量依赖性和可逆的方式消除人脂肪细胞中的脂肪分解。NG-497 可用于研究癌症。

Metrifonate是一种有机磷前药, 在体内非酶代谢为DDVP(敌敌畏)后变为不可逆的ChE(cholinesterase)抑制剂，通过磷酸化胆碱酯酶的活性位点丝氨酸残基导致失活，能够治疗阿尔茨海默病和用作杀虫剂。Metrifonate对鲤鱼AChE活性、氧化应激、神经毒性和皮质醇水平都有影响。

PSB-1114 triethylamine是一款高效、酶稳定的亚型选择性P2Y2受体激动剂，其EC50为134 nM。该化合物对P2Y4受体（EC50=9.3 μM）和P2Y6受体（EC50=7.0 μM）的选择性优于50倍。

Poly(A) polymerase 通过使用 ATP 作为单元，催化在 RNA 的 3'末端顺序掺入 AMP，形成多聚腺苷尾，从而增强 RNA 稳定性并提升真核细胞 mRNA 的翻译效能。该酶具备高效的聚腺苷酸化活性，能在 RNA 3'端添加 20-200 个腺苷酸(A)单元。

GLP-1(1-36) amide (human, rat)（人类及大鼠的胰高血糖素样肽1（1-36）酰胺）是GLP-1(7-36)酰胺的一种分子变体。该化合物能激发[14C]氨基吡啶在大鼠胃壁细胞的酶分散体中积累。

sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor 是 FLSYK 的环状五肽类似物，具有环2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2) 结构，能够特异性结合 hGIIA（人类 IIA 磷脂酶 A2），有效抑制其酯键水解活性。该化合物作为酯酶超家族的一员，主要作用于甘油磷脂 sn-2 位置的酯键，从而阻断游离脂肪酸和花生四烯酸等物质的释放。

NBD-LLLLpY Y为通过酶催化生成的核内肽，专门用于靶向毁灭人类诱导多能干细胞。

Prostaglandin E2 Ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) 作为PGE2的类似物，通过COX-2催化内源性大麻素进行氧化而形成，具有可能调控人血以及人单核细胞中促炎细胞因子TNF-α产生的功能。

11(S)-HETE, an (S) enantiomer of 11(R)-HETE and a type of oxylipin, is non-enzymatically synthesized from arachidonic acid. Compared to its counterpart, 11(S)-HETE levels are found to be elevated in both isolated human plasma and serum, as well as in LPS-stimulated isolated human plasma. Notably, patients with allergic rhinitis exhibit a decrease in 11(S)-HETE levels in their serum following one year of double-mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT), correlating with an enhanced quality of life, particularly in aspects related to rhinoconjunctivitis.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) encompasses low molecular weight entities that facilitate monocyte differentiation and activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A substance, recently isolated and purified from oxLDL and identified as azelaoyl PC, exemplifies this. Similarly, Butanoyl PAF, a compound closely related to azelaoyl PC, maintains over 10% of the agonist potency of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Notably, Butanoyl PAF's concentration in oxLDL surpasses that of enzymatically generated PAF by more than 100-fold, making it a significant signalling molecule within oxLDL.

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five principal prostaglandins enzymatically derived from PGH2. It is abundantly generated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by lipocalin-type PGD synthase and in peripheral regions by myeloid cells, such as mast cells and basophils, via leukocyte-type PGD synthase. The compound 1,25-trans-PGD2 is an isomer of PGD2, characterized by the alteration of the double bond between carbons 5 and 6 from cis(Z) to trans(E). This trans isomer, found as a 2-5% impurity in most commercial PGD2 bulk drug preparations, is primarily synthesized as an analytical standard to identify and quantify this impurity. Based on existing studies of trans isomers of F-type prostaglandins, 5-trans-PGD2 likely exhibits biological activity comparable to its cis isomer, although no specific published reports confirm this for 5-trans-PGD2.

1,3-Diarachidoyl glycerol, a diacylglycerol featuring arachidic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, is identified within enzymatically randomized pig lard.

Vitamin K3-d8 是 Vitamin K3 的氘代衍生物。与 Menadione (Vitamin K3) 一样，Vitamin K3-d8 属于缺少异戊二烯侧链且本身无内源性生物学活性的合成萘醌类化合物；Vitamin K3-d8 在体内可通过酶促烷基化转化为具有活性的 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)，适用于维生素 K 代谢研究、生化标记及代谢与营养科学中的同位素示踪研究。

Ginsenoside F1 (Standard) 是 Ginsenoside F1 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Ginsenoside F1 (20(S)-Ginsenoside F1) 是一种 Ginsenoside Rg1 的酶促修饰衍生物，它竞争性抑制CYP3A4，对 CYP2D6 具有较弱的抑制作用。

Methylmalonyl coenzyme A (Methylmalonyl-CoA) 是单链脂肪酸、胆固醇以及某些氨基酸（例如缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸）分解后的产物。通过甲基丙二酸单酰辅酶 A 变位酶 (MCM) 和其辅酶维生素 B12，Methylmalonyl coenzyme A 可以被催化转化为琥珀酰辅酶 A。