collagen formation

2,4-DPD 是氧感应酶 HIF-α 脯氨酰羟化酶 (HIF-PH) 的竞争性抑制剂。

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 属于天然产物，是一种强效的还原剂和抗氧化剂。L-Ascorbic acid 具有抗细菌感染、解毒反应和胶原蛋白形成的作用。L-Ascorbic acid 被用于治疗坏血病。

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) 是长效的维生素 C 衍生物，能够以刺激胶原蛋白的表达和形成。它提高成骨细胞分化过程中 hASC 中的碱性磷酸酶特性和 runx2A 的表达。它能够以作为培养基补充人脂肪干细胞的成骨分化。

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate（维生素C磷酸酯）是一种稳定而长效的维生素C衍生物，能够刺激胶原蛋白的形成且具有潜在的抗氧化能力。通过提高碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和runx2A的表达，L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯在细胞培养中常用于促进人脂肪干细胞（hASCs）的成骨分化。

PKSI-527 is an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (Ki = 0.81 μM). It is selective for plasma kallikrein over glandular kallikrein, plasmin, thrombin, urokinase, and Factor Xa (Kis = >500, 390, >500, 200, and >500 μM, respectively). PKSI-527 reduces bradykinin generation induced by kaolin and λ-carrageenan ex vivo in human plasma. It also prolongs partial thromboplastin and euglobulin clot lysis times. In vivo, PKSI-527 (300 mg/kg per day) reduces hyperplasia, pannus formation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tarsal joint of mice with collagen-induced arthritis.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16 BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg.3Ajoene (25 mg kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16 BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL 6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is a potent, selective, peptide-mimetic inhibitor of PAR-1 activation and internalization (binding IC50=0.44 uM) and shows no effect on PAR-2, PAR-3, or PAR-4. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM), quite selective relative to U46619 . RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride blocks angiogenesis and blocks the formation of new vessels in vivo. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride induces cell apoptosis[1][2]. Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by the proteolytic cleavage of their N-terminal extracellular domain, exposing a new amino terminal sequence that functions as a tethered ligand to activate the receptors.RWJ56110 inhibits the aggregation of human platelets induced by both SFLLRN-NH2 (IC50=0.16 μM) and thrombin (IC50=0.34 μM) while being quite selective relative to collagen and the thromboxane mimetic U46619 [1].RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride is fully inhibits thrombin-induced RASMC proliferation with an IC50 value of 3.5 μM. RWJ-56110 dihydrochloride shows blockade of thrombin's action with RASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.12 μM), as well as with HMVEC (IC50=0.13 μM) and HASMC calcium mobilization (IC50=0.17 μM)[1].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 24-96 hours) inhibits endothelial cell growth dose-dependently, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration of RWJ56110 is approximately 10 μM[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; 6 hours) inhibits DNA synthesis of endothelial cells in a thymidine incorporation assays. Endothelial cells are in fast-growing state (50-60% confluence), RWJ56110 inhibits cell DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, but when cells that are in the quiescent state (100% confluent), the inhibitory effect of PAR-1 antagonists is much less pronounced[2].RWJ56110 (0.1-10 μM; pretreatment for 15 min) inhibits thrombin-induced Erk1 2 activation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when endothelial cells are stimulated by FBS (final concentration 4%), it reduces partially the activated levels of Erk1 2[2].RWJ56110 (30 μM; 24 hours) has an inhibitory effect on endothelial cell cycle progression. It reduces the percentage of cells in the S phase, while alterations in the percentages of G1 and G2 M cells are less pronounced[2]. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: Endothelial cells [1]. Andrade-Gordon, et al.Design, synthesis, and biological characterization of a peptide-mimetic antagonist for a tethered-ligand receptor. oc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12257-62. [2]. Panagiota Zania, et al. Blockade of angiogenesis by small molecule antagonists to protease-activated receptor-1: association with endothelial cell growth suppression and induction of apoptosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Jul;318(1):246-54.

Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) TFA 作为肾素 血管紧张素系统中关键的生物活性肽，扮演着血管收缩剂的角色并在调节人体血压中发挥中心作用。其主要通过与 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCRs)、血管紧张素 II 1型受体 (AT1R) 和血管紧张素 II 2型受体 (AT2R) 的相互作用来介导效应，包括刺激交感神经系统、增加醛固酮的生物合成和肾脏功能。此外，Angiotensin II human TFA 促进血管平滑肌细胞的生长和 I 型及 III 型胶原在成纤维细胞中的合成，导致血管壁与心肌增厚及纤维化，并诱导细胞凋亡。还通过LOX-1依赖的氧化还原敏感路径诱导内皮细胞中的毛细血管形成。

Kartogenin (KGN) sodium 是一种软骨样组织形成的诱导剂 (EC50: 100 nM)。Kartogenin sodium 通过结合纤维蛋白 A，阻断其与转录因子核心结合因子 β 亚基 (CBFβ) 的作用，并调节 CBFβ-RUNX1 转录程序来诱导软骨形成。此外，Kartogenin sodium 能促进肌腱-骨连接处 (TBJ) 的伤口愈合，因其能刺激胶原蛋白合成。广泛应用于再生医学中的无细胞疗法，Kartogenin sodium 用于软骨再生及保护、腱骨愈合、伤口愈合与肢体发育等方面，同时对骨关节炎 (OA) 的研究也颇具价值。

Elastin Methacrylated (ElaMA) 弹性蛋白，通过招募和调节免疫细胞加速伤口部位的血管生成，推动伤口再生。它能够吸引大量的中性粒细胞和M2巨噬细胞渗透入水凝胶。Elastin Methacrylated 拥有出色的免疫调节功能，促进血管生成、胶原蛋白沉积以及真皮再生。在光引发剂LAP (HY-44076)下，自组装成纤维状水凝胶，靶向生物活性粘附位点，支持组织细胞并具有生物降解活性。应用包括细胞培养、生物 3D 打印和组织工程。

Ascorbic acid-13C6 是 Ascorbic acid 的 13C 的标记化合物。Ascorbic acid 的 CAS 号为 50-81-7。L-Ascorbic acid是一种电子供体，是一种内源性抗氧化剂。它选择性抑制 Cav3.2 通道，IC50为 6.5 μM。它还是一种胶原沉积促进剂和弹性生成抑制剂，可对抗细菌感染、解毒反应和胶原蛋白的形成。

L-Ascorbic Acid-13C6 是 L-Ascorbic Acid 的 13C 的标记化合物。L-Ascorbic Acid 的 CAS 号为 50-81-7。L-Ascorbic acid是一种电子供体，是一种内源性抗氧化剂。它选择性抑制 Cav3.2 通道，IC50为 6.5 μM。它还是一种胶原沉积促进剂和弹性生成抑制剂，可对抗细菌感染、解毒反应和胶原蛋白的形成。

3′,4-O-Dimethylcedrusin can improve wound healing in vivo by stimulating the formation of fibroblasts and collagen.