19(s) hete

19-HETE is one of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites of arachidonic acid that is released from the kidney in response to angiotensin II. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 19-HETE is composed of 70% and 30% of the (S) and (R) stereoisomers, respectively. Both 19(S)- and 19(R)-HETE are potent vasodilators of renal preglomerular vessels. 19(S)-HETE stimulates both renal sodium-potassium ATPase and volume absorption in the rabbit proximal straight tubule.

9(S)-HETE is an enantiomer which makes up 50% of (±)9-HETE . There are no reports of 9(S)-HETE occurring as an enzymatic lipoxygenation product. Whereas 12(S)-HETE promotes adhesion of several cell lines to endothelial cell monolayes, 9(S)-HETE and other positional HETEs are without effect. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. (±)16-HETE is the racemic version of a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation. The biological activity of 16-HETE is stereospecific. 16(R)-HETE dose-dependently stimulates vasodilation of the rabbit kidney, however 16(S)-HETE does not affect perfusion pressure. At a concentration of 2 μM the (S)-enantiomer of 16-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 60%, whereas the (R)-isomer has negligible effects on ATPase activity.

(±)11-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid . The individual R and S isomers of racemic HETEs have been separated and identified using chiral phase HPLC. The racemic HETEs have been quantified as an index of lipid peroxidation using GC/MS.

11(R)-HETE is biosynthesized by 11(R)-LOs of the sea urchin, S. purpuratus, and the fresh water hydra, H. vulgaris. The biological activity of 11(R)-HETE relates to oocyte maturation and tentacle regeneration, respectively, in these two species. 11(R)-HETE is also produced when aspirin-treated recombinant COX-2 is incubated with arachidonic acid. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

9(R)-HETE is an enantiomer which makes up 50% of (±)9-HETE . At a concentration of 300 nM, 9(R)-HETE activates RXRγ-dependent transcription 1.5 fold relative to a control. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

(±)18-HETE(18-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid)是18号碳上有羟基的花生四烯酸代谢物，由细胞色素P-450催化生成。

8(S)-HETE is a major lipoxygenase product in PMA-treated murine epidermis. It activates mouse keratinocyte protein kinase C with an IC50 of 100 μM. 8(S)-HETE also activates PPARα selectively at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

(±)9-HETE is one of the six monohydroxy fatty acids produced by the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid. The individual R and S isomers of racemic HETEs have been separated and identified using chiral phase HPLC. The racemic HETEs have been quantified as an index of lipid peroxidation using GC/MS.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites.17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney.17(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 70% at a concentration of 2 μM.

19(R)-HETE 是肾动脉血管扩张剂，可用于研究血管紧张素II诱导的心脏肥大。

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney. 17(R)-HETE is an inactive isomer of 17-HETE, whereas the (S) enantiomer can inhibit proximal tubule ATPase activity at a concentration of 2 μM.

Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid . In mammals, 12(R)-HETE can be produced by 12(R)-LOs and also by CYP450 oxidation. The activity of 12(R)-HETE in mammals is predominantly proinflammatory. 12(R)-HETE exhibits dose-dependent leukocyte chemotaxis at concentrations as low as 100 nM, and lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. 16(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 60% at a concentration of 2 μM.

8(R)-HETE is biosynthesized by lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in marine invertebrates such as gorgonian corals and starfish. Stereochemical assignment of the (R) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

5(R)-HETE is a rare lipoxygenase product of arachidonic acid. Nearly all plant and animal 5-LOs produce 5(S)-HETE, but the presence of a 5(R)-LO and the synthesis of 5(R)-HpETE and 5(R)-HETE have been confirmed in oocytes of the bivalve mollusk, S. solidissima. 5(R)-HETE is more potent than the (S)-enantiomer as a chemotactic agent for human neutrophils.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. 16(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 60% at a concentration of 2 µM.[1]