17(S)-HETE

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites.17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney.17(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 70% at a concentration of 2 μM.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. (±)17-HETE is the racemic version of a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney. At a concentration of 2 μM the (S)-enantiomer of 17-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 70%, whereas the (R)-isomer is inactive.

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 17-HETE is a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid that has stereospecific effects on sodium transport in the kidney. 17(R)-HETE is an inactive isomer of 17-HETE, whereas the (S) enantiomer can inhibit proximal tubule ATPase activity at a concentration of 2 μM.

Novel oxylipins, referred to as docosanoids, have been derived from C22polyunsaturated fatty acids 7(S),17(S)-dihydroxy-8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid (7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA) is a DPA-derived analog of the 17(S)-dihydroxy series of docosanoids known as protectins. Protectin D1, a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities.1,2,3Potentially, 7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA demonstrates similar properties; however, its biological activity has yet to be determined. 1.Serhan, C.N., Gotlinger, K., Hong, S., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: Assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienesJ. Immunol.176(3)1848-1859(2006) 2.Ariel, A., and Serhan, C.N.Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammationTRENDS in Immunology28(4)176-183(2007) 3.Schwab, J.M., Chiang, N., Arita, M., et al.Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmesNature447(7146)869-874(2007)

Protectin D1 (also known as neuroprotectin D1 when produced in neuronal tissues) is a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid that exhibits potent protective and anti-inflammatory activities. 10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA is a DHA metabolite, also referred to as protectin DX (PDX). It is produced by an apparent double lipoxygenase (LO)-mediated reaction in murine peritonitis exudates, in suspensions of human leukocytes, or by soybean 15-LO incubated with DHA. It differs from protectin D1 with respect to the stereochemistry of the C-10 hydroxyl and the double bond configuration at the 13 and 15 positions. 10(S),17(S)-DiHDHA blocks neutrophil infiltration in murine peritonitis by 20-25% at a dose of 1 ng/mouse. It also inhibits platelet activation by both impairing thromboxane (TX) synthesis and TX receptor activation.

17(S)-HpDHA为主要由15-Lipoxygenase（LOX）同工酶：h15-LOX-1和h15-LOX-2与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)反应生成。该化合物通过变构负向调控环氧化物合成，且能够抑制血小板聚集，其EC50值约为1μM。

11(S)-HETE, an (S) enantiomer of 11(R)-HETE and a type of oxylipin, is non-enzymatically synthesized from arachidonic acid. Compared to its counterpart, 11(S)-HETE levels are found to be elevated in both isolated human plasma and serum, as well as in LPS-stimulated isolated human plasma. Notably, patients with allergic rhinitis exhibit a decrease in 11(S)-HETE levels in their serum following one year of double-mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT), correlating with an enhanced quality of life, particularly in aspects related to rhinoconjunctivitis.

17(S)-HDoTE, a metabolite of adrenic acid, is synthesized through the action of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) via a 17-HpDoTE intermediate.

15(S)-HETE methyl ester is a synthetic derivative of 15(S)-HETE , a major arachidonic acid metabolite from the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. Methyl esters of lipids are commonly used in formulations of nutritional supplements.

8(S)-HETE is a major lipoxygenase product in PMA-treated murine epidermis. It activates mouse keratinocyte protein kinase C with an IC50 of 100 μM. 8(S)-HETE also activates PPARα selectively at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PC is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. It is produced via oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO).

12(S)-HETE is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism through the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. It is primarily found in platelets, leukocytes, and to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells. It enhances tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, fibronectin, and the subendothelial matrix. tetranor-12(S)-HETE is the major β-oxidation product resulting from peroxisomal metabolism of 12(S)-HETE in numerous tissues, and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. No biological function has yet been determined for tetranor-12(S)-HETE. Some data indicate it may play a role in controlling the inflammatory response in injured corneas. In some diseases (e.g., Zellweger's Syndrome) peroxisomal abnormalities result in the inability of cells to metabolize 12(S)-HETE, which may be responsible for symptoms of the disease. The tetranor derivative of 12(S)-HETE is available as a research tool for the elucidation of the metabolic fate of its parent compound.

5(S)-HETE 是存在于血液中的内源代谢物，可用于研究风湿性关节炎，鼻炎和哮喘。

19-HETE is one of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites of arachidonic acid that is released from the kidney in response to angiotensin II. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 19-HETE is composed of 70% and 30% of the (S) and (R) stereoisomers, respectively. Both 19(S)- and 19(R)-HETE are potent vasodilators of renal preglomerular vessels. 19(S)-HETE stimulates both renal sodium-potassium ATPase and volume absorption in the rabbit proximal straight tubule.

17(S)-HDHA is a primary mono-oxygenation product of docosahexaenoic acid in human whole blood, human leukocytes, and mouse brain. 17(S)-HDHA serves as a precursor to 17(S)-resolvins and has intrinsic biological activity, such as the inhibition of TNF-α-induced interleukin-1β expression in human glioma cells and inhibition of TNF-α-induced leukocyte trafficking to the mouse air pouch.

12(S)-HETE is the predominant lipoxygenase product of mammalian platelets. [1] It enhances tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, fibronectin, and the subendothelial matrix at 0.1μM181M.[2][3]

Electrolyte and fluid transport in the kidney are regulated in part by arachidonic acid and its metabolites. 16-HETE is a minor CYP450 metabolite of arachidonic acid released by the kidney upon angiotensin II stimulation that demonstrates stereospecific biological activity. 16(S)-HETE inhibits proximal tubule ATPase activity by as much as 60% at a concentration of 2 μM.

9(S)-HETE is an enantiomer which makes up 50% of (±)9-HETE . There are no reports of 9(S)-HETE occurring as an enzymatic lipoxygenation product. Whereas 12(S)-HETE promotes adhesion of several cell lines to endothelial cell monolayes, 9(S)-HETE and other positional HETEs are without effect. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. It is formed in human peripheral monocytes activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 by direct oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE by 15-LO. Phosphoethanolamine (PE) HETEs (PE-HETEs), including 1-stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE, are the main source of esterified HETE in ionophore-activated monocytes.

5(S)-HETE lactone is a cyclic ester formed by acid-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the C-5 hydroxyl to the C-1 carboxyl of 5(S)-HETE. The ability of (±)5-HETE lactone to inhibit rat basophilic leukemia cell 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 27 μM) may be entirely due to the 5(S) isomer, but the enantiomers have not been tested separately.

17(R,S)-Benzo-resolvin D1 (benzo-RvD1) 是专门的分辨介质 (SPM) RvD1 的衍生物。在10和100 nM的浓度下，它能减少PDGF-BB诱导的人类血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMCs) 的细胞骨架变化，并抑制PDGF诱导的这些细胞的迁移。Benzo-RvD1 (10 nM) 抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVECs) 中的p65核转位。它还提高了RAW 264.7对S. aureus和zymosan颗粒的吞噬作用。