vascular endothelium

SB-209670是一种选择性内皮素受体拮抗剂，能够抑制大鼠血管内皮和血管平滑肌中ET(B)受体的活性。

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) 是一种重要的细胞内信号剂，是亚油酸与植物和哺乳动物脂氧合酶反应生成的，在各种生物系统中参与细胞增殖和分化。(S)-Coriolic acid 在 1 μM 左右时，它能抑制肿瘤细胞与血管内皮的粘附，能下调 IRGpIIb IIIa 受体的表达。(S)-Coriolic acid 是15-脂氧合酶 (15-LOX) 代谢产物，常作为内源性配体激活 PPARγ。(S)-Coriolic acid 诱导线粒体功能障碍 和气道上皮损伤。

Bosentan (Benzenesulfonamide) 是 endothelin-1 (ET)拮抗剂，在人的 SMC 细胞中，它能够作用于 ETA 受体(Ki:4.7 nM)和 ETB 受体(Ki:95 nM)。

1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose (Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose) 存在于多种植物中，具有重要的药理作用。Pentagalloylglucose 表现出显著的抗狂犬病病毒 (RABV) 活性。

ABO acts as an annexin A7 modulator, specifically binding to Thr286 to inhibit its phosphorylation on threonine (not on serine or tyrosine) residues within human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This compound furthers the annexin A7 interaction with the EF-hand protein GCA, leading to reduced GCA phosphorylation, lowered intracellular calcium levels, and enhanced autophagy in COS-7 cells. Moreover, ABO lessens phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) in HUVECs and impedes the upregulation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) due to oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). In animal models, specifically apoE-/- mice on a Western diet, administration of ABO (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) has been shown to decrease PC-PLC expression, promote autophagy, and reduce apoptosis, lipid accumulation, and the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic endothelium.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), such as 11(12)-EET and 14(15)-EET, are cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid that have been identified as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilator activity. 14,15-EE-5(Z)-E is a structural analog of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (14,15-EET) that antagonizes EET-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Relaxation of U46619-constricted bovine arteries by 14,15-EET could be inhibited approximately 80% by 14,15-EE-5(Z)-E at a concentration of 10 μM. 14,15-EE-5(Z)-E does not appear to antagonize nitric oxide- or iloprost-mediated vascular relaxation.

EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators.[1],[2]Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as (±)14(15)-EET which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator.[3] However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. (±)16(17)-EpDPA is the DHA homolog of (±)14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of DHA. The EDHF activity of (±)16(17)-EpDPA has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a mouse inflammation model.[4]

Connexin mimetic peptide 40GAP27 是一种生物活性肽，对应于主要的血管连接蛋白Cx40第二个细胞外环的GAP27结构域（40Gap27）。该化合物在研究氧化应激所致的损伤以及间隙连接通讯机制中有应用。40Gap27能够在给药后减少内皮依赖性的内膜下平滑肌的超极化现象。

SAR247799（S1P1 agonist 3）是一种选择性和G蛋白偏向性的S1P1激动剂，比β-阻滞蛋白和内化信号通路更优先激活下游G蛋白信号通路，激活内皮细胞上的S1P 1 而不引起受体脱敏，可以保护内皮细胞而不影响淋巴细胞数量，可用于研究2型糖尿病、内皮功能障碍和血管高通透性。

EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as (±)14(15)-EpETrE which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator. However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. (±)19(20)-EpDPA is a DHA epoxygenase metabolite, derived via epoxidation of the ω-3 double bond of DHA. The EDHF activity of (±)19(20)-EpDPA has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a mouse inflammation model.

ATU027, 一种可沉默血管内皮中PKN3表达的siRNA, 已在小鼠癌症模型中证明能有效抑制局部肿瘤侵袭及淋巴结和肺转移。

Sulfaphenazole (Plisulfan) 是一种 CYP2C9的特异性抑制剂，抑制 CYP2C9介导的亚油酸动脉粥样硬化和促炎症效应，增加 AP-1的氧化应激和激活。

Delphinidin chloride 是一种花青素，是一种可从浆果和红酒中分离得到的天然植物色素，是某些花青素的前体。Delphinidin chloride 诱导血管内皮释放一氧化氮，引起血管松弛。在1 ~ 40 μM 剂量下，对上皮生长因子受体的信号传导和雌激素受体α的表达有抑制作用，与细胞凋亡和自噬有关。Delphinidin chloride 能调节 JAK STAT3 和 MAPKinase 信号传导。Delphinidin 还能抑制 p300 CBP 的组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性(IC50 在约为30 μM)

Arachidonic acid is metabolized in the vascular endothelium to epoxytrienoic acids (EETs or EpETrEs) by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The EETs are released in response to acetylcholine, bradykinin, arachidonic acid, or cyclic stretch. (±)14(15)-EET-SI is the methyl sulfonamide analog of 14(15)-EET. This substitution results in a metabolically more stable compound because it is not sensitive to β-oxidation or membrane esterification. (±)14(15)-EET-SI is equipotent to 14(15)-EET in vascular agonist activity as measured by relaxation of precontracted bovine coronary arteries. In addition, 14(15)-EET and the methyl sulfonamide analog both stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation and induce mitogenesis in renal epithelial cells.

Connexin mimetic peptide 40,37GAP26是一种生物活性肽，对应Cx37和Cx40主要血管连接蛋白的胞外环GAP26结构域，命名基于Cx同源性为37,40Gap26。本化合物主要用于研究间隙连接对环吡嗪酸(CPA)通过啮齿动物髂动脉壁导致的内皮超极化扩散的影响。Cx37和Cx40形成的间隙连接斑块在内皮细胞中高度丰富，而Connexin mimetic peptide 40,37GAP26能抑制内膜下超极化。

KRH102053 is a HIF-1alpha inhibitor. KRH102053 decreased the protein level of HIF-1alpha and the mRNA levels of HIF-regulated downstream target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, aldolase A, enolase 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4. Consistent with these results, KRH102053 also inhibited the rates of HIF-related migration and invasion of HOS cells as well as the degree of tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelium cells.

L-Arginyl-L-alanine 是一种二肽，与血管平滑肌舒张因子有关。该化合物能提升内皮细胞缺失动脉环中的环磷酸鸟苷和亚硝酸盐含量。

Enlimomab (BI-RR 0001) 是一种针对人 ICAM-1的小鼠 IgG2a 单抗，可抑制白细胞粘附到血管内皮，从而减少白细胞外渗漏和炎症性组织损伤。Enlimomab 具有抗炎作用，可用于中风研究。

Leukadherin-1 是 CD11b CD18 的变构激活剂，可增加 CD11b CD18 依赖性细胞对纤维蛋白原的粘附，减少白细胞运动和跨内皮迁移，具有抗炎作用。