JTV-803 is a factor Xa inhibitor. JTV-803 showed a competitive inhibitory effect on human factor Xa, with a K(i) value of 0.019 microM and IC(50) value of 0.081 microM. JTV-803 was 100 times more selective in inhibiting human factor Xa as compared to its
RC363 is an inhibitor of ferroptosis and a derivative of the antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic agent probucol .1It reduces 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals by approximately 40% in a cell-free assay when used at a concentration of 25 μM. RC363 prevents glutamate-induced toxicity in HT22 cultured hippocampal cells (IC50= 234.5 nM) but does not reduce oxidant levels in these cells. It increases the levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and the activity of GPX in glutamate-challenged HT22 cells when used at a concentration of 3 μM. RC363 inhibits ferroptosis induced by the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 in HT22 cells (IC50= 173.6 nM). 1.Bueno, D.C., Canto, R.F.S., de Souza, V., et al.New probucol analogues inhibit ferroptosis, improve mitochondrial parameters, and induce glutathione peroxidase in HT22 cellsMol. Neurobiol.57(8)3273-3290(2020)
3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003). 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin is a p-terphenyl fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. candidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.1,2,3,4 It has a 96% scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals when used at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.2 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical, A549 lung, and HepG2 liver cancer cells (IC50s = 23, 36, and 32 μM, respectively), as well as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and V. vulnificus bacteria (MIC = 31 μg/ml for both).3 It also inhibits HIV-1 integrase in both coupled and strand transfer assays (IC50s = 2.8 and 12.1 μM, respectively).4 References1. Kurobane, I., Vining, L.C., McInnes, A.G., et al. 3-Hydroxyterphenyllin, a new metabolite of Aspergillus candidus. Structure elucidation by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 32(6), 559-564 (1979).2. Yen, G.-C., Chang, Y.-C., Sheu, F., et al. Isolation and characterization of antioxidant compounds from Aspergillus candidus broth filtrate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(3), 1426-1431 (2001).3. Wang, W., Liao, Y., Tang, C., et al. Cytotoxic and antibacterial compounds from the coral-derived fungus Aspergillus tritici SP2-8-1. Mar. Drugs 15(11), E348 (2017).4. Singh, S.B., Jayasuriya, H., Dewey, R., et al. Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30(12), 721-731 (2003).
Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).
AS-99 TFA is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 μM, Kd= 0.89 μM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 TFA blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo[1]. AS-99 TFA is tested against a panel of 20 histone methyltransferases, including NSD1, NSD2, NSD3, and SETD2. NO significant inhibition is observed at 50 μM of AS-99 TFA on any of the tested histone methyltransferases, indicating over 100-fold selectivity towards ASH1L[1].AS-99 TFA shows effect on the growth of the MLL leukemia cells (MV4;11, MOLM13, KOPN8, RS4;11) with the GI50 values ranging from 1.8 μM to 3.6 μM[1].AS-99 (1-8 μM; 7 days) TFA also induces apoptosis in the MLL leukemia cells, but not in the K562 cells, as assessed by the quantification of the Annexin V positive cells[1].AS-99 TFA suppresses MLL fusion driven transcriptional programs[1]. AS-99 (30 mg kg; i.p.; q.d., treated for 14 consecutive days) TFA reduces leukemia burden in mice[1].AS-99 TFA is used for in vivo studies in mice, which reveals favorable exposure in plasma upon i.v. and i.p. administration (AUC = 9701 hr* ng mL and 10,699 hr* ng mL, respectively), suitable half-life (~5-6 h) and Cmax >10 μM[1]. [1]. David S. Rogawski, Jing Deng, Hao Li, Tomasz Cierpicki, Jolanta Grembecka, et al. Discovery of first-in-class inhibitors of ASH1L histone methyltransferase with anti-leukemic activity. Nat Commun. 2021 May 14;12(1):2792.
RC574 is an inhibitor of ferroptosis and a derivative of the antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic agent probucol .1It inhibits glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells (IC50= 276.2 nM) and mouse primary cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 3 μM. RC574 (3 μM) increases glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) levels and GPX activity, as well as inhibits glutamate-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion production, in HT22 cells. It completely inhibits ferroptosis induced by the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 in HT22 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1,000 nM. 1.Bueno, D.C., Canto, R.F.S., de Souza, V., et al.New probucol analogues inhibit ferroptosis, improve mitochondrial parameters, and induce glutathione peroxidase in HT22 cellsMol. Neurobiol.57(8)3273-3290(2020)
Bassianolide, a cyclodepsipeptide insecticide produced by the fungal species B. bassiana and V. lecanii, demonstrates significant biological activity. Upon oral administration, it induces atony in B. mori silkworms at a concentration of 4 ppm and becomes lethal when concentrations exceed 8 ppm. Remarkably, atony in silkworm larvae can also be triggered by doses as low as 2 µg larva. Further studies reveal that bassianolide (0.01-1 µM) specifically targets muscarinic receptors to inhibit contractions in isolated guinea pig smooth muscle tissue, elicited by acetylcholine, without affecting nicotinic receptor-induced contractions.