sulfation

Worenine (Worenin) 是一种从黄连中提取的物质。它在大鼠体内第一阶段代谢中显示出脱氢，氢化，羟基化和脱亚甲基反应。在大鼠体内 II 期代谢中显示为硫酸化和葡萄糖醛酸化反应。

Surfen dihydrochloride (Aminoquinuride dihydrochloride) 是一种有效的硫酸肝素小分子拮抗剂，具有抗菌和抗病毒活性，抑制炭疽致死因子、凝血因子 X 和致死因子。Surfen dihydrochloride 可抑制普通肝素和低分子量肝素的抗凝活性，抑制肝素的硫酸化和肝素裂解酶的降解。Surfen dihydrochloridn 抑制阻断硫酸乙酰肝素介导的 FGF2 结合和信号转导。Surfen 抑制 SEVI 和精液介导的 HIV 1 型感染增强。

Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is an ATP and sulfate competitive inhibitor of ATP sulfurylase in humans, S. cerevisiae, and P. chrysogenum (Ki = 18, 2500, and 1500 nM, respectively). Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate also inhibits human adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase (Ki = 47.5 μM) to prevent sulfation.

Phenylephrine-3-O-sulfate is metabolite of the α1A-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine formed via sulfation.

Hirudin (54-65; non-sulfated) is a desulfated peptide fragment of hirudin, an anticoagulant produced byH. medicinalis.1It inhibits fibrin clot formation induced by isolated bovine thrombin with an IC50value of 3.7 μM.2 1.Niehrs, C., Huttner, W.B., Carvallo, D., et al.Conversion of recombinant hirudin to the natural form by in vitro tyrosine sulfation. Differential substrate specificities of leech and bovine tyrosylprotein sulfotransferasesJ. Biol. Chem.265(16)9314-9318(1990) 2.Payne, M.H., Krstenansky, J.L., Yates, M.T., et al.Positional effects of sulfation in hirudin and hirudin PA related anticoagulant peptidesJ. Med. Chem.34(3)1184-1187(1991)

Sitagliptin N-sulfate is a phase II metabolite of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (-)-sitagliptin . Sitagliptin N-sulfate is formed via sulfation and has been found in rat bile following oral administration of (-)-sitagliptin.

Sulfatides are endogenous sulfoglycolipids with various biological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, pancreas, and immune system. They are produced from the combination of ceramide and UDP-galactose in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by sulfation in the Golgi apparatus. The ceramide portion contains variable fatty acid chain lengths, which are tissue- and pathology-dependent. Sulfatides are primarily found in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, with smaller chain lengths predominant during development and longer chain lengths predominant in mature cells. They accumulate in the lysosome of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A deficiency. Sulfatides are also located in pancreatic β-cells and inhibit insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, suggesting a potential role in diabetes. Sulfatides can induce inflammation in glia in vitro and certain sulfatides, such as C24:1 3'-sulfo-galactosylceramide, can induce an immune response in vitro in mouse splenocytes. Sulfatides (bovine) (sodium salt) is a mixture of isolated bovine sulfatides.

Chst15-IN-1 is a powerful, reversible, covalent inhibitor of the Chst15 enzyme. It effectively suppresses the sulfation levels of chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E) and other closely related sulfotransferases responsible for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) synthesis. Acting as a selective sulfotransferase inhibitor, Chst15-IN-1 can attenuate the inhibitory actions of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), making it a promising candidate for enhancing neuronal repair.

Indoxyl sulfate-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of indoxyl sulfate by GC- or LC-MS. Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin and a metabolite of tryptophan. It is formed via sulfation of indole, an intermediate generated from tryptophan by intestinal bacteria, by the sulfotransferase (SULT) isoform 1A1 variant 2 (SULT1A1*2) in the liver. Indoxyl sulfate activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in HepG2 40 6 hepatoma cells (EC50 = 12.1 nM in a reporter assay). It also inhibits the organic anion transporter (OAT) isoforms OAT1 and OAT3 (Kis = 34.2 and 74.4 µM, respectively for the rat transporters) in S2 proximal tubule cells. Indoxyl sulfate (0.2 and 1 mM) increases superoxide anion and nitric oxide levels in isolated human mononuclear blood cells. It increases serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the 5 6 nephrectomized rat model of chronic renal failure when administered at a dose of 50 mg kg.

Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase 2 (TPST-2) 是 TPST 的一个亚型。Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase 是一种 54-50 kDa 的反式高尔基网络的完整膜糖蛋白，已在几乎所有被研究的组织中发现，催化通过该隔室的可溶性蛋白和膜蛋白的酪氨酸 O-硫酸化。

Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate lithium 是聚糖磺化过程中的共底物。它用于高尔基体磷酸腺苷特异性 3'-磷酸酶-偶联磺基转移酶的测定，作为供体底物转移磺酸基团。

Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate lithium 是聚糖磺化过程中的共底物。Adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate lithium 可以用作高尔基体磷酸腺苷特异性3'-磷酸酶偶联磺基转移酶测定中的供体底物，用于转移磺酸基。