sterol biosynthesis

Fenhexamid (Elevate) 是一种甾醇生物合成抑制剂，对植物病原真菌具有抗真菌活性。 Fenhexamid 用于农业，并在水果和蔬菜中以可测量的量存在。

Triparanol (NSC-65345) 干扰 Hedgehog 信号分子的翻译后修饰以及其受体 PTCH1 的甾醇传感域，导致 Hedgehog 信号的下调。 Triparanol 抑制人类肿瘤生长，是一种具有高眼毒性的抗血脂剂。

Fenpropidin (Ro-12-3049) 是甾醇类生物合成的抑制剂，具有杀菌的活性。

Diallyl disulfide 能够抑制人角鲨烯单加氧酶，抑制角鲨烯环氧化的 IC50为 400 μM。它也具有抗肿瘤作用，同miR-200b 和miR-22联合使用可增强该作用。

Lapaquistat is a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor and is the active metabolite of TAK-475. Lapaquistat can reduce statin-induced myotoxicity in lipid-lowering therapy.

7-Ketocholesterol 是胆固醇的代谢物。

AY 9944 是特异性的胆固醇生物合成抑制剂。它抑制 7- 脱氢胆固醇 Δ7- 还原酶 (IC50:13 nM)，导致胆固醇不足和 7DHC 积累。在高剂量下，它可在培养的胚胎中抑制固醇 Δ7-Δ8 异构酶，造成胆固醇 8-en-3β-ol 的积累。

Clotrimazole (FB 5097) 是咪唑衍生物，有抗真菌和抗菌活性，是 P450抑制剂。

Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) 是一种抗生素。它具有抗真菌活性，对皮肤真菌、曲霉、Sporothrix schenckii、假丝酵母属的酵母有抑制作用。

Uniconazole 是植物生长调节剂，能够抑制细胞色素 P450 707As (Ki=68 nM)。他是分解脱落酸的酶家族成员，能够抑制赤霉素和甾醇的生物合成。

Penconazole是一种广谱和高效的三唑类的杀真菌剂，通过抑制真菌甾醇生物合成发挥作用。Penconazole能够诱导大鼠大脑和小脑组织氧化应激和抑制AChE活性。

EBP-IN-1 (compound 11) 是一种抑制 emopamil 结合蛋白 (EBP) 的化合物，EBP 是胆固醇合成路径中的一种甾醇异构酶。EBP-IN-1 在啮齿动物体内具有较长的半衰期，表现出优良的代谢稳定性和脑透过性，并且还能促进人类皮质类器官中少突胶质细胞的形成。

The compound binds and blocks farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the HMG-CoA pathway (IC50 = 460 nM for recombinant human FPPS). It causes macrophage apoptosis and inhibits prenylation and sterol biosynthesis in purified osteoclasts.

Pregnanetriol is a metabolite of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone .1,2It is formed from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone by reduction of the C-20 ketone.2Urinary levels of pregnanetriol are elevated in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.3,4 1.Kamrath, C., Hartmann, M.F., Boettcher, C., et al.Diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by urinary metabolite ratios using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis: Reference values for neonates and infantsJ. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.15610-16(2016) 2.Schiffer, L., Barnard, L., Baranowski, E.S., et al.Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: A comprehensive reviewJ. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.194105439(2019) 3.Disorders of steroidogenesis guide to steroid profiling and biochemical diagnosis1(2019) 4.Shackleton, C.H.L.Role of a disordered steroid metabolome in the elucidation of sterol and steroid biosynthesisLipids47(1)1-12(2012)

Steryl glucosides are neutral glycolipids commonly found in plant cell membranes and vegetable oils that contain a glucose moiety conjugated to a sterol lipid. They function as glucose donors in the biosynthesis of glucocerebrosides in plant microsomes and are metabolic precursors to acylated/esterified steryl glucosides. Steryl glucosides are the major component of filter- and engine-damaging precipitates formed during biodiesel production from transesterification of vegetable oils. This product contains a mixture of steryl glucosides.

Dimethomorph是一种杀菌剂和甾醇生物合成抑制剂，能抑制真菌细胞壁的形成，主要用于防治霜霉菌和疫霉菌。Dimethomorph还能抑制MDA-kb2细胞中的雄激素受体 (AR) 活性，IC20=0.263 µM。

25-Hydroxycholesterol 是胆固醇的代谢产物，由巨噬细胞响应 Toll 样受体激活而分泌。它有效抑制 B 细胞产生 IgA，EC50约为 65 nM。

(Z)-Lanoconazole 是 Lanoconazole 的 Z 构型，用于研究皮肤癣菌病和甲癣。Lanoconazole 抑制甾醇 14-α脱甲基酶并阻断真菌膜上的麦角甾醇生物合成，从而干扰麦角甾醇的生物合成。Lanoconazole 是具有口服活性的咪唑类抗真菌剂，在体外和体内均具有广谱的抗真菌活性。

Peraclopone is a hypolidemic drug. It is an inhibitor of 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase. Peraclopone potently inhibits the final step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Feeding this agent to rats leads to a rapid replacement of membrane cholesterol with its immediate precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol, and a dramatic reduction in plasma sterol concentration. Peraclopone caused a dose-dependent decrease in cholesterol and a concomitant accumulation of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol) in the skin, which is accompanied by an increase in the plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Treatment with peraclopone dramatically alters membrane sterol content in many membranes including the microvillus membrane of both the jejunum and ileum. In the jejunal microvillus membrane a major change in chemical composition occurred, presumably in response to the alteration in membrane sterol. The net result was a significant decline in both the static and dynamic component of membrane fluidity.

Clotrimazole (Standard) 是 Clotrimazole 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Clotrimazole (FB 5097) 是咪唑衍生物，有抗真菌和抗菌活性，是 P450抑制剂。

Naftifine hydrochloride (Standard) 是 Naftifine hydrochloride 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) 是一种抗生素。它具有抗真菌活性，对皮肤真菌、曲霉、Sporothrix schenckii、假丝酵母属的酵母有抑制作用。

Uniconazole (Standard) 是 Uniconazole 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Uniconazole 是植物生长调节剂，能够抑制细胞色素 P450 707As (Ki=68 nM)。他是分解脱落酸的酶家族成员，能够抑制赤霉素和甾醇的生物合成。