stereoisomers

Metolachlor 是出苗前的选择性的，氯乙酰苯胺除草剂，由四种立体异构体组成的手性除草剂。它可用于控制玉米和其他农作物中的各种一年生草和阔叶杂草。

Remdesivir-[13C6] (Mixture Of Diastereoisomers) (Standard) 是 Remdesivir-[13C6] (Mixture Of Diastereoisomers) 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。

Narlaprevir-[D5] (Mixture Of Diastereoisomers) (Standard) 是 Narlaprevir-[D5] (Mixture Of Diastereoisomers) 的标准品，适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。

Cycloprothrin (GH414; NK-8116) 是一种农药，用作杀虫剂，包含两种异体异构体：(1R, alphaR)-Cycloprothrin 和 (R)-Cycloprothrin。其中，(1R, alphaR)-Cycloprothrin 对粘虫（Mythimaseparata）和蚜虫（Aphismedicagini）幼虫的杀虫活性分别比 (R)-Cycloprothrin 高约 6 倍和 4 倍。

CP 65207 is a new broad-spectrum penicillin antibacterial agent, which is a mixture of two stereoisomers (1:1).

Neo-Inositol is a group of chemically very stable small polar molecules with a variety of properties. It is one of the naturally occurring but rare inositol stereoisomers.

19-HETE is one of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolites of arachidonic acid that is released from the kidney in response to angiotensin II. When formed by the CYP2E1 isoform, 19-HETE is composed of 70% and 30% of the (S) and (R) stereoisomers, respectively. Both 19(S)- and 19(R)-HETE are potent vasodilators of renal preglomerular vessels. 19(S)-HETE stimulates both renal sodium-potassium ATPase and volume absorption in the rabbit proximal straight tubule.

PDMP hydrochloride 是一种神经酰胺类似物，最初作为葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶抑制剂开发，由于其含有两个相邻手性中心而存在四种立体异构体。在 MDCK 细胞匀浆中，总 PDMP hydrochloride 在 0.8 μM 条件下可抑制约 90% 的葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶活性，其中抑制活性主要来源于 D-threo（1R,2R）对映体，该对映体同时抑制 β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶 6，并在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型中阻断乳糖神经酰胺介导的神经炎症。此外，PDMP hydrochloride 还能增强姜黄素在黑色素瘤细胞中的抗增殖和促凋亡作用。

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI2) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the recombinant human IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki value of 11 nM. Most preparations of iloprost contain 16(S) and 16(R) stereoisomers. 16(R)-Iloprost inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 65 nM.

Iloprost is a second generation structural analog of prostacyclin (PGI2) with about ten-fold greater potency than the first generation stable analogs, typified by carbaprostacyclin. Iloprost binds with equal affinity to the recombinant human IP and EP1 receptors with a Ki value of 11 nM. Most preparations of iloprost contain 16(S) and 16(R) stereoisomers. 16(S)-Iloprost potently inhibits platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 3.5 nM.

Novel oxylipins, referred to as docosanoids, have been derived from C22polyunsaturated fatty acids 7(S),17(S)-dihydroxy-8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid (7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA) is a DPA-derived analog of the 17(S)-dihydroxy series of docosanoids known as protectins. Protectin D1, a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities.1,2,3Potentially, 7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA demonstrates similar properties; however, its biological activity has yet to be determined. 1.Serhan, C.N., Gotlinger, K., Hong, S., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: Assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienesJ. Immunol.176(3)1848-1859(2006) 2.Ariel, A., and Serhan, C.N.Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammationTRENDS in Immunology28(4)176-183(2007) 3.Schwab, J.M., Chiang, N., Arita, M., et al.Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmesNature447(7146)869-874(2007)

(+)-D-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and is one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP . (+)-D-threo-PDMP is an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase. It inhibits glucosylceramide synthase by 50% when used at a concentration of 5 μM in an enzyme assay. (+)-D-threo-PDMP is the active component of racemic DL-threo-PDMP .

D-DOPA is an enantiomer of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA . It can be converted to L-DOPAviasequential oxidation and transamination, which are mediated by D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) and DOPA transaminase, respectively, in rat kidney homogenates.1It reduces the number of dopaminergic neurons in primary rat embryonic mesencephalic cultures in a concentration-dependent manner.2Intraventricular administration of D-DOPA (200 μg/animal) increases striatal dopamine levels in rats.3D-DOPA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) induces contralateral turns in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-OHDA .4 1.Wu, M., Zhou, X.-J., Konno, R., et al.D-dopa is unidirectionally converted to L-dopa by D-amino acid oxidase, followed by dopa transaminaseClin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.33(11)1042-1046(2006) 2.Ling, Z.-D., Pieri, S.C., and Carvey, P.M.Comparison of the neurotoxicity of dihydroxyphenylalanine stereoisomers in cultured dopamine neuronsClin. Neuropharmacol.19(4)360-365(1996) 3.Karoum, F., Freed, W.J., Chuang, L.-W., et al.D-dopa and L-dopa similarly elevate brain dopamine and produce turning behavior in ratsBrain Res.440(1)190-194(1988) 4.Moses, J., Siddiqui, A., and Silverman, P.B.Sodium benzoate differentially blocks circling induced by D-and L-dopa in the hemi-parkinsonian ratNeurosci. Lett.218(3)145-148(1996)

Endosulfan I是广谱杀虫剂Endosulfan的两种主要立体异构体之一，对GABA/benzodiazepine/picrotoxin复合物具有抑制活性(IC50=30 nM)，能够破坏斑马鱼胚胎发育。

Sphingosines are long-chain base precursors of cellular sphingolipids used directly in the synthesis of ceramide, which in combination with sialic acid forms ganglioside. Sphingosine can exist in four stereoisomers, however only sphingosine occurs naturally. Compared to other sphingolipids throughout the body, which are predominantly composed of C-18 sphingosine, only central nervous system (CNS) gangliosides contain significant amounts of sphingosine. The concentration of sphingosine within mammalian brain gangliosides apparently increases with developmental maturation. Furthermore, the ratio of C-18 to C-20 sphingosine in the brain is thought to be related to some nervous system degeneration processes.

Hodgkinsine B is an alkaloid and isomer of hodgkinsine that has analgesic activity.1It increases the latency to tail withdrawal in the tail-flick test in mice when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. 1.Kodanko, J.J., Hiebert, S., Peterson, E.A., et al.Synthesis of all low-energy stereoisomers of the tris(pyrrolidinoindoline) alkaloid hodgkinsine and preliminary assessment of their antinociceptive activityJ. Org. Chem.72(21)7909-7914(2007)

Scyllo-Inositol (Scyllitol) 是淀粉样抑制剂，能够抑制 α-突触核蛋白聚集。它在体外能够稳定非纤维状无毒形式的淀粉样蛋白-β 肽，逆转阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型的认知缺陷，抑制突触毒性和淀粉样斑块。

20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol (Standard) 是 20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol, a natural product, is characterized by a unique structure featuring specific stereoisomers denoted by (S) at carbon 20 and (R) at carbon 24.

Sphingosine (d20:1) (Standard) 是一种可用于分析的标准物质，通常用作 Sphingosine (d20:1) 的研究和分析中参考的标准样品。Sphingosines 是细胞鞘脂的长链基本成分，可直接用于合成神经酰胺，而神经酰胺与唾液酸结合后会形成神经节苷脂。鞘氨醇可以存在四种立体异构体中，但自然界中只存在一种天然存在的形式。与其他全身的鞘脂相比，这些鞘脂主要由 C-18 鞘氨醇组成，而只有中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经节苷脂含有大量的鞘氨醇。哺乳动物大脑神经节苷脂中的鞘氨醇浓度似乎会随着发育成熟而增加。此外，大脑中 C-18 鞘氨醇与 C-20 鞘氨醇的比例被认为与某些神经系统退化过程有关。

Acoraminol B 是苯丙素的立体异构体中的一种，另一种是 Acoraminol A，可以从石菖蒲根茎的甲醇提取物中分离。Acoraminol B 对多种人类肿瘤细胞系表现出较弱的细胞毒性作用 (IC50>30 μM)。

20(S),24(R)-Ocotillol, a natural product, is characterized by a unique structure featuring specific stereoisomers denoted by (S) at carbon 20 and (R) at carbon 24.

DL-Cystathionine dihydrochloride 是半胱硫氨酸与异丙基硫氨酸的四种异构体的组合，同时也是氨基酸半胱氨酸合成过程中的一种中间产物。