rings

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic Acid (m-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid) 是一种黄酮类代谢产物，由人体微生物区系形成，具有舒张血管的特性。

3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE-d6 (RINGS-d6) 是 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE 的氘代化合物。3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE 的 CAS 号为 91-94-1。

Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide-d10 (rings-d10) 是 Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide 的氘代化合物。Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide 的 CAS 号为 36507-30-9。Carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide是抗惊厥药卡马西平 (carbamazepine) 的活性代谢物。它由卡马西平通过微粒体中的细胞色素 P450 (CYP) 同种型 CYP3A4 和 CYP2C8 形成，微粒体分别由表达 CYP3A4 或 CYP2C8 的 HepG2 细胞制备。它对小鼠最大电击诱发的癫痫发作具有抗惊厥活性。

Sabinene 是香料添加剂，具有成为下一代飞机燃料成分的成分。

Dibenzothiophene (Imino semicarbazide) 是有机合成过程的中间体，是由两个苯环稠合到一个中心的噻吩环。

Dibenzofuran具有多种生物活性，能够抑制Aryl hydrocarbon receptor和Bovine viral diarrhoea virus。

Anthracene是一种由三个稠合苯环组成的多环芳烃（PAH），呈现为源自煤焦油的无色固体结晶物质，以其在紫外线下特有的蓝色荧光而闻名，并广泛用作生产蒽醌染料、合成纤维和各种其他有机化合物的基本原料。虽然 Anthracene是一些木材防腐剂和沥青产品的组成部分，但它也是一种公认的环境污染物，并被一些监管机构归类为潜在的职业致癌物。

Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) 是一种番茄及其产品和其他红色水果和蔬菜中天然存在的类胡萝卜素，具有抗氧化活性。

Glycerophospholipids, cephalins (Phosphatidylethanolamines (egg)) 是一种从鸡蛋中分离出来的磷脂酰乙醇胺的混合物，在 sn-1和 sn-2位置有各种脂肪酰基。Glycerophospholipids, cephalins 完全水解可得到1mol 的甘油、磷酸、乙醇胺和2mol 的脂肪酸。Phosphatidylethanolamines 在膜融合和细胞分裂过程中收缩环的拆卸中起作用，可调节膜的弯曲度。Phosphatidylethanolamines 能够在没有任何蛋白质或核酸的帮助下传播传染性朊病毒。Phosphatidylethanolamines 在细菌膜中的主要作用之一是分散由阴离子膜磷脂引起的负电荷。

SUMANENE是一种纯净的buckybowl，它是一种具有三对称性的多环芳香烃，其结构中三个苯基环夹持着三苯并芘框架中的三个苄基位置。

Chlorodiphenylmethane is an organic compound. It has two phenyl rings.

1-Acetylferrocene, an organoiron compound with the formula Fe, consists of ferrocene substituted by an acetyl group on one of the cyclopentadienyl rings. It is an orange, air-stable solid and is soluble in organic solvents.

Picene是一种具有五个稠合苯环组成的邻位稠合多环芳烃（PAH),具有致癌性，能够抑制细胞间隙连接通讯(Gap-Junctional Intercellular Communication)。

Benz[a]anthracene是一种由四个稠合苯环组成的大型多环芳烃 (PAH)，主要作为有机物不完全燃烧的副产物形成。根据毒理学数据，Benz[a]anthracene是一种人类致癌物。Benz[a]anthracene主要存在于烟草及香烟烟雾、煤焦油、车辆尾气排放以及某些加工食品中，使其成为癌症病理学研究中备受关注的化合物。

1,6-Naphthyridine是著名芳香烃萘的二氮杂萘异构体，一种由两个稠合苯环组成的芳香有机化合物。二氮杂萘类化合物的结构特征在于萘骨架中两个 CH 基团的碳原子被氮原子取代。

PD 122860 is a dihydropyridine with calcium channel blocking and sodium channel stimulating properties. In the rat heart, PD 122860 increased left ventricular contractility, decreased coronary resistance and altered the shape of the electrocardiogram T-wa

Dactylocyclines are novel tetracycline derivatives produced by Dactylosporangium SP. The fermentation of Dactylosporangium sp. (ATCC 53693) produced a mixture of tetracycline derivatives, from which several related tetracycline glycosides, known as rings,

YO-Pro 1 是一种由苯并恶唑和喹啉环通过连接体连接而成的菁染料，在水中几乎没有荧光，但其荧光在插入双链DNA后大大增强，成为DNA浓度测定的基础，Ex Em (结合DNA) = 491 509 nm。YO-Pro 1 可用于鉴定凋亡细胞。

Nutlin-3 is an activator of p53 that functions by inhibiting the interaction of p53 with MDM2, a negative regulator of p53 activity. Caylin-1 is a nutlin-3 analog which contains chlorine substituents at the 3 and 4 positions on two of the phenyl rings rather than a single 4-chloro as seen in nutlin-3. At high concentrations, caylin-1 inhibits the growth of HCT116 cells with an IC50 value of approximately 7 μM, making it about 7-fold less potent than nutlin-3 in the same assay. Interestingly, at concentrations at or below 1 μM, caylin-1 promotes the growth of HCT116 cells approximately 20% compared to untreated cells. The mechanism of the growth promoting properties of caylin-1 have not yet been elucidated.

Nutlin-3 is an activator of p53 that functions by inhibiting the interaction of p53 with MDM2, a negative regulator of p53 activity. Caylin-2 is a nutlin-3 analog in which trifluoromethyl groups have been substituted for chlorine on the 2 phenyl rings. At high concentrations, caylin-2 inhibits the growth of HCT116 cells with an IC50 of approximately 8 μM, making it about 10-fold less potent than nutlin-3. Interestingly, at concentrations between 5-100 nM, caylin-2 promotes the growth of HCT116 cells approximately 40% compared to untreated cells. The mechanism of the growth promoting properties of caylin-2 have not yet been elucidated.

Thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP-14) is a 14-amino acid peptide agonist of the α-thrombin receptor. It induces aggregation of washed platelets as well as platelets in citrated and hirudin plasma. TRAP-14 (100 μM) increases the cytosolic calcium concentration in isolated guinea pig pulmonary smooth muscle cells 5-fold over baseline. It increases pulmonary arterial pressure in isolated guinea pig lung when used at a concentration of 1 μM, which is comparable to the effect induced by 10 nM α-thrombin. TRAP-14 also induces contraction of isolated rat aortic rings and increases endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in a dose-dependent manner, an effect that is reversed by the ETA antagonist BQ-123 and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NNA .

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is the parent cysteinyl-leukotriene produced by the LTC4 synthase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione to LTA4. LTC4 is produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells, and by transcellular metabolism in platelets. It is one of the constituents of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and exhibits potent smooth muscle contracting activity. LTC4-induced bronchoconstriction and enhanced vascular permeability contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and acute allergic hypersensitivity. The concentration of LTC4 required to produce marked contractions of lung parenchymal strips and isolated tracheal rings is about 1 nM. LTC4 methyl ester is a more lipid soluble form of LTC4. The biological activity of LTC4 methyl ester has not been reported.

Rec 15/2615 is an antagonist of α1B-adrenergic receptors (α1B-ARs; Ki = 0.45 nM for the recombinant human receptor).1 It selectively inhibits α1B-ARs over α1A-, α1D-, and α1L-ARs (Kis = 7.59, 10.23, and 49 nM, respectively). Rec 15/2615 inhibits norepinephrine-induced contractions of isolated rabbit prostate and urethral strips (Kis = 100 and 316.2 nM, respectively), as well as reduces norepinephrine-induced contractions of chloroethylclonidine-precontracted isolated rabbit aortic rings (Ki = 50 nM).2 It decreases diastolic blood pressure (ED25 = 183 μg/kg, i.v.) and increases intracavernous pressure in anesthetized dogs when administered intracavernously at doses ranging from 30 and 1,000 μg/kg.1,2 |1. Sironi, G., Colombo, D., Poggesi, E., et al. Effects of intracavernous administration of selective antagonists of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes on erection in anesthetized rats and dogs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292(3), 974-981 (2000).|2. Testa, R., Guarneri, L., Angelico, P., et al. Pharmacological characterization of the uroselective alpha-1 antagonist Rec 15/2739 (SB 216469): Role of the alpha-1L adrenoceptor in tissue selectivity, part II. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281(3), 1284-1293 (1997).

Hyp-Phe-Phe is a tripeptide known for its strong aromatic interactions between the Phe rings, resulting in the formation of helical-like sheets and a cross helical architecture. Notably, Hyp-Phe-Phe exhibits excellent shear piezoelectricity properties, making it a valuable candidate for piezoelectric materials.