proteinuria

Pyrintegrin 是一种 β1 整合素激动剂，也是 2,4-二取代的嘧啶，可促进胚胎干细胞存活。它可用作足细胞保护剂，能增强细胞-细胞外基质 (ECM) 粘附介导的整联蛋白信号传导，具有强大的成脂作用。

AC1903是一种选择性的TRPC5抑制剂，具有足细胞保护特性，对 TRPC4 或 TRPC6没有影响，并且在激酶谱分析中没有显示出脱靶效应。在局灶节段性肾小球硬化大鼠模型中，AC1903抑制严重蛋白尿，并且防止足细胞丢失。

Deoxycorticosterone acetate (Cortexone acetate) 是肾上腺产生的类固醇激素，具有盐皮质激素活性，并作为醛固酮的前体。

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1 NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

C12 Galactosylceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid. It inhibits IL-4 production by 53.84% in EL4 T cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM. C12 Galactosylceramide reduces the growth of human papillomavirus type 16-associated tumors in mice and reduces tumor recurrence following surgical removal or chemotherapy. It also reduces natural killer T cell activity, delays the onset of proteinuria, and improves survival in a mouse model of systemic lupus.

NTU281 是转谷氨酰胺酶-2 (transglutaminase-2) 的有效抑制剂，能够减少糖尿病大鼠血清肌酐和蛋白尿的升高，并降低肾小球 I 型胶原积累、Hic-5 和α-SMA 表达，以及减少细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)，能够用于糖尿病引起的肾小球硬化的研究。

Resibufogenin (Bufogenin) 是华蟾素的成分之一，表现出抑制氧化应激及肿瘤再生的活性。