phytotoxic

Homodihydrocapsaicin I 是一种辣椒素，分离自辣椒果实中。

Methyl 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 是从 Nigella damascena 种子中分离得到的天然产物，具有选择性的植物毒性作用。

Simazine (Tafazine) 是三嗪类除草剂，普遍用于农业、盆栽植物和树木的生产。它具有植物毒性，但对土壤微生物和藻类毒性较低。

Tulipalin A (α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) 是来源于郁金香鳞茎的有毒糖苷。Tulipalin A 是引起过敏性接触皮炎的致敏性致敏物 (causative allergen)，在低剂量影响免疫细胞的功能，例如 Jurkat T 细胞。

Alternariol (AOH), a mycotoxin synthesized by Alternaria species, displays numerous therapeutic and biological effects, including phytotoxic, cytotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. It functions by inhibiting the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I and II enzymes.

Apiol analogous是一种Apiole的类似物，广泛应用于生物化学实验。Apiole可作为抗氧化剂、抗真菌剂、抗癌剂、流产剂、杀螨剂和植物毒性剂，能够影响下丘脑-垂体轴，调节月经周期，诱导 G0 G1 细胞周期停滞而抑制癌细胞。

Radicinin is used as a phytotoxic and antibiotic metabolite produced by some phytopathogenic fungi.

AM Toxin III is a phytotoxic peptide.

Rubrobramide is a cytotoxic and phytotoxic metabolite from Cladobotyrum rubrobrunnescens.

β-Cembrenediol (β-CBT) is a natural product from tobacco plants that is found in cigarette smoke condensate. β-CBT inhibits induction of the early antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EA-EBV) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro (IC50 = 21.9 μM). It inhibits tumor promoting effects of TPA on 7,12-demethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced papilloma formation in vivo. β-CBT is also released into soil by flue-cured tobacco plants and exerts autotoxicity as well as phytotoxic activity against L. sativa seedlings.

Carviolin 是在紫红青霉、纯真新保加利亚霉和青霉中发现的一种天然产物，具有中等细胞毒性。Carviolin 具有抗真菌、抗菌或植物毒性活性。

Destruxin B2 is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin that has been found in M. anisopliae and has antiviral, insecticidal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2,3 It inhibits secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by Hep3B cells expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (IC50 = 1.3 μM).1 Destruxin B2 is toxic to Sf9 insect cells in an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) test with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ECIS50) value of 92 μM.4 It is also phytotoxic to B. napus leaves.3 |1. Yeh, S.F., Pan, W., Ong, G.-T., et al. Study of structure-activity correlation in destruxins, a class of cyclodepsipeptides possessing suppressive effect on the generation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in human hepatoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229(1), 65-72 (1996).|2. Male, K.B., Tzeng, Y.-M., Montes, J., et al. Probing inhibitory effects of destruxins from Metarhizium anisopliae using insect cell based impedance spectroscopy: Inhibition vs chemical structure. Analyst 134(7), 1447-1452 (2009).|3. Buchwaldt, L., and Green, H. Phytotoxicity of destruxin B and its possible role in the pathogenesis of Alternaria brassicae. Plant Pathol. 41(1), 55-63 (1992).

Anhydroepiophiobolin A is a sesterterpenoid fungal metabolite that has been found in B. oryzae. It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cells (IC50s = 47.1 and 35.6 μM, respectively) as well as A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15 cells (IC50s = 1.6-1.9 μg/ml). Anhydroepiophiobolin A is phytotoxic to S. viridis and D. erucoides in a leaf puncture assay.

Papyracillic acid is a fungal metabolite and a derivative of penicillic acid originally isolated fromL. papyraceumand has antibiotic, antifungal, and phytotoxic activities.1,2It is active against the bacteriaX. campestrisandB. subtilisand the fungusC. tropicalisin a disc assay when used at a concentration of 5 μg disc.2Papyracillic acid (1 mg ml) induces necrotic lesion formation in a panel of 10 plants. 1.Shan, R., Anke, H., Stadler, M., et al.Papyracillic acid, a new penicillic acid analogue from the Ascomycete Lachnum papyraceumTetrahedron52(30)10249-10254(1996) 2.Evidente, A., Berestetskiy, A., Cimmino, A., et al.Papyracillic acid, a phytotoxic 1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]nonene produced by Ascochyta agropyrina Var. nana, a potential mycoherbicide for Elytrigia repens biocontrolJ. Agric. Food Chem.57(23)11168-11173(2009)

Pentabromopseudilin (PBrP) 为自Pseudomonas bromoutilis与Alteromonas luteoviolaceus两种海洋细菌中提取的海洋抗生素，展现抗菌、抗肿瘤及植物毒性活性。此化合物为肌球蛋白 Va(Myosin Va, MyoVa)的可逆构型抑制剂，并能有效抑制转化生长因子-β(Transforming Growth Factor-β, TGF-β)的活性，适用于纤维化疾病与癌症研究领域。

Altersolanol A（Stemphylin; NSC 173943）在对抗Bacillus subtilis和Pseudomonas aeruginosa方面显示出抗菌活性，其MIC范围为25-100 μg mL。此外，Altersolanol A在4 μg μL剂量下对红豆杉 (Taxus) 没有植物毒性。

Dihydroprehelminthosporol is a strongly phytotoxic metabolite, it exhibits cytotoxicity towards two human cancer cell lines, A549 and SK-OA-3.

Encecalin and demethylencecalin are major phytotoxic compounds isolated from Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook) A Gray (Asteraceae), they inhibit photosystem II (from water to 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-1,4 p-benzo-quinone).They retard seed germinati

Epiyangambin is a phytotoxic lignan, it shows inhibition of seed germination of Agrostis stolonifera cv. penncross (Poaceae) and inhibition of development of Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) seedlings in a microassay using 24-well plates. Epiyangambin exhibits significant inhibition of the transformation of murine epidermal JB6 cells, with the IC50 value of 0.15 microg mL. (+)-Epiyangambin also has anti-platelet aggregation activity.

Isoaltenuene shows antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria; it also shows a minor phytotoxic activity on tomato leaves at level of 20 ug spot . Isoaltenuene exhibits cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell line A549, breast cancer cell line

Methyl orsellinate is a phytotoxic compound, it exhibits antifungal activity, it can cause significant inhibition of radicle growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crus-galli, interact with bovine-brain calmodulin and inhibit the activation of the calmodulin-dependent enzyme cAMP phosphodiesterase. Methyl orsellinate can inhibit PTP1B activity with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 277 + - 8.6 microM, the selective inhibition of PTP1B has been widely recognized as a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, methyl orsellinate may can treat the type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Xanthinin is a plant growth-regulating compound from Xanthium pennsylvanicum, it is also a phytotoxic xanthanolide, can inhibit the growth of plants.

Bostrycin, an anthraquinone derived from B. alpestre, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities including antibacterial, antiproliferative, and phytotoxic effects. This compound demonstrates efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), M. tuberculosis, and C. botulinum. Additionally, Bostrycin shows antiproliferative action against A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, particularly by arresting the cell cycle at the G0 G1 phase and triggering apoptosis within a concentration range of 10 to 30 µM. As a phytotoxin, it causes necrosis in water hyacinth leaves at approximately 7 µg ml. Furthermore, Bostrycin serves as a protein immobilization cross-linking agent, managing to preserve its bacteriostatic properties when affixed to nonwoven polypropylene fabric.

Pyrenophorin ((-)-Pyrenophorin) 是一种真菌代谢产物，存在于D. avenae中，并且具有植物毒性。它对多种癌细胞系展现出显著的细胞毒性，IC50值介于0.07至7.8μM之间。