phorbol

Phorbol (4β-Phorbol) 是具有毒性的二萜类化合物，其酯类具有强大的生物活性。

Phorbol 13-acetate 是一种天然产物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究。其产品编号为 TN4768，CAS号为 32752-29-7。

4-Deoxy-4α-phorbol 是在 E. desmondi 中发现的一种四环二萜类物质。4-Deoxy-4α-phorbol 可用于半合成 HIV-1诱导的 MT-4 细胞的细胞病理学效应抑制剂和 4α-山梨醇酯。

Phorbol12-tiglate为Phorbol衍生物，后者乃巴豆油水解产物，可激活蛋白激酶C，进而促进肿瘤发展。Phorbol及其衍生物在生物医学领域，广泛用于建立致癌模型研究。

(Rac)-Phorbol-12-(2-methylbutyrate)为从巴豆油中分离所得的天然化合物。

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate（PMA）是一种佛波酯类天然产物，可作为PKC、SphK和NF-κB的激活剂，常用于诱导THP-1细胞分化及构建皮炎模型。

The compound is extracted from Croton tiglium dried fruit.

12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate，这是一种从Euphorbia fischeriana根部提取的抗肿瘤中药单体。该化合物能够调节细胞周期的关键调控分子（例如cyclin B、cyclin A和CDC2），从而诱导胃癌细胞的周期阻滞及细胞凋亡（apoptosis）。此外，12-Deoxyphorbol 13-palmitate通过作用于APOL2，能有效抑制APOL2–SERCA2–PERK–HES1的信号通路，进而减缓肝纤维化的进程。

Euphorbadienol is a triterpenic compound isolated from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera. It has antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity.

Prostratin(12-Deoxyphorbol-13-acetate，13-O-乙酰基-12-脱氧佛波醇)是一种具有口服活性的蛋白激酶C（PKC）激活剂，Ki值为12.5 nM。作为一种NF-κB激活剂，Prostratin可激活T细胞中HIV基因的表达。Prostratin能抑制急性髓系白血病（AML）细胞系的生长，并增强阿糖胞苷诱导的AML细胞分化。此外，Prostratin诱导KRAS磷酸化并抑制KRAS突变的肿瘤生长。

Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC50= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50= 1 μM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50= 5.2 μM).1 1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)

Lyso-globotriaosylceramide is a form of globotriaosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It binds to Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) in the presence of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine but does not bind Stx2. It also reduces viability and aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at concentrations of 50 and 1 μM, respectively. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. It also accumulates in the urine, kidney, and plasma of patients with Fabry disease. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels decrease in response to administration of the α-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin in a transgenic mouse model of Fabry disease. Decreases in plasma and urine concentrations of lyso-globotriaosylceramide have been used as a biomarker for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other therapies in the treatment of Fabry disease.

Sphingosine (d14:1) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been found in B. mori (silkworm), P. clarkii (crayfish), and A. aurita (jellyfish) extracts. It increases the germination rate of N. rileyi, an entomopathogenic fungus, with an EC50 value of 10.2 nM. Sphingosine (d14:1) inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) in vitro (IC50 = 7.3 mol%) as well as superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in neutrophils and reduces growth of CHO cells (IC50s = 19 and 8 μM, respectively).

Platycodin D 是从桔梗中分离得到的一种皂苷类天然产物，是AMPKα的激活剂，具有抗肥胖活性。它可刺激 TNF-α 合成或抑制 TNF-α mRNA 的降解。

Shanziside (Standard) 是 Shanziside 的标准品。适用于定量分析、质量控制及生化实验等相关研究。Shanziside (Shanzhiside) 是一种分离自福洛美属植物中的环烯醚萜苷类化合物。

Cycloepoxydon 抑制由Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 引发的NF-KB和AP-1介导的分泌性碱性磷酸酶 (SEAP) 的表达，IC50分别为1-2 μg/mL (4.2-8.4 μM) 和3-5 μg/mL (12.6-21 μM)。

Shanziside (Shanzhiside) 是一种分离自福洛美属植物中的环烯醚萜苷类化合物。

25R-Inokosterone exhibits potent inhibition against TNF-expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells. 25R-Inokosterone has excellent anti-atopy activity, thus 25R-Inokosterone could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics.

25S-Inokosterone exhibits potent inhibition against TNF-expression levels in A23187 plus phorbol-myrisrate acetate-induced RBL-2H3 cells. 25S-Inokosterone has excellent anti-atopy activity, thus 25S-Inokosterone could be used to a large range of functional anti-atopy cosmetics.

Beta-Tocopherol 对由 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) 诱导的人红白血病细胞 (HEL) 粘附有影响。

(+)-Oleuropeic acid shows potent in vitro antitumor-promoting activity, it also suppresses an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis induced with nitric oxide and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on mouse skin.

Sapintoxin A, 一种从Sapium indicum的未成熟果实中提取的佛波醇酯。