patch-clamp

Cisapride (R 51619) 是一种5-HT4受体激动剂，还是 hERG 抑制剂。它可作用于肠道中的血清素受体，促进肠道蠕动，增加胃排空并减少食管反流。

VU 0134992 是一个亚型偏好的，口服有效的和选择性的内向整流钾通道 Kir4.1阻滞剂，IC50为 0.97 μM。在 -120 mV 时，VU0134992对同分 Kir4.1 比 Kir4.1 5.1 共分通道 (IC50=9 μM) 高出 9 倍的选择性。

VU0134992 hydrochloride 是一个亚型偏好的，具有口服活性和选择性的内向整流钾通道Kir4.1阻滞剂，IC50为 0.97 μM。在 -120 mV 时，VU0134992 hydrochloride 对同分 Kir4.1 比 Kir4.1 5.1 共分通道 (IC50=9 μM) 高出 9 倍的选择性。

TRPV1-Tat是一种针对瞬时受体电位范烤苷1 (TRPV1) 的肽类拮抗剂。它由来自TRPV1的A-激酶锚蛋白(AKAP)结合域的736-745个氨基酸以及来自HIV Tat的细胞穿透肽序列组成。TRPV1-Tat (200 µM) 能够在使用初级小鼠背根神经节的整细胞膜片钳技术中抑制由热或棕榈酸酯12-肉豆蔻酸13-醋酸酯(PMA014)引起的电流。当以10或30 µM剂量给药时，它能增加大鼠后爪机械痛阈。

Pancuronium is an aminosteroid antagonist of muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with an IC50value of 14.8 nM using patch clamp electrophysiology in BOSC23 cells expressing mouse nAChRs.1It acts as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.2Pancuronium enhances anesthesia induced by isoflurane , reducing immobilization with an ED50value of 1.62 μg kg.3 1.Liu, M., and Dilger, J.P.Site selectivity of competitive antagonists for the mouse adult muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptorMol. Pharmacol.75(1)166-173(2009) 2.Buckett, W.R., Marjoribanks, C.E., Marwick, F.A., et al.The pharmacology of pancuronium bromide (Org.NA97), a new potent steroidal neuromuscular blocking agentBr. J. Pharmacol. Chemother.32(3)671-682(1968) 3.Miyazaki, Y., Sunaga, H., Hobo, S., et al.Pancuronium enhances isoflurane anesthesia in rats via inhibition of cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptorsJ. Anesth.30(4)671-676(2016)

Guanosine 5’-diphosphate (GDP) is a purine nucleotide and biosynthetic precursor of guanosine 5’-triphosphate .1It has been used to study the conformations of GTPases.2GDP (100 μM) activates sulfonylurea receptor 2B (SUR2B) linked to the inward-rectifier potassium channel 6.1 (Kir6.1) in HEK293T cells in a patch-clamp assay.3 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Biochemistry(2002) 2.Vetter, I.R., and Wittinghofer, A.The guanine nucleotide-binding switch in three dimensionsScience294(5545)1299-1304(2001) 3.Yamada, M., Isomoto, S., Matsumoto, S., et al.Sulphonylurea receptor 2B and Kir6.1 form a sulphonylurea-sensitive but ATP-insensitive K+ channelJ. Physiol.499(Pt 3)715-720(1997)

PD-85639 is a voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channel blocker (75% in 10 min & >95% in 25 min blockage of Na+ current by 25 μM PD85,639; whole-cell patch clamp using primary rat brain neurons) that is shown to target rat brain Nav1.2 with simultaneous high- and low-affinity modes of binding (EC50 = 56 nM 40% & 20 μM 60% at pH 9.0, 5 nM 28% & 3 μM 72% at pH 7.4, against 2 nM [3H]-PD85,639 for binding rat brain synaptosomes; EC50 = 17 nM 39% & 10 μM 61% using at pH 9.0 using rat brain synaptosome membranes) and a fast kinetic (t1 2 = 1.2 at 4°C, <0.5 min at 25°C), competitive against the local anesthetic Na+ channel blockers tetracaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine, as well as Na+ channel activators veratridine and batrachotoxin (K1 = 0.26 μM against 5 nM [3H]-BTX for binding rat neocrotical membranes).

(R)-4-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, also known as (R)-GABOB, acts as a modulator of GABA receptors, specifically binding to both GABAA and GABAB receptors and blocking GABA reuptake in rat brain synaptosomes. Additionally, it serves as a GABAC receptor agonist, triggering currents in patch-clamp assays with Xenopus oocytes that express the human receptor. In vivo studies reveal its capability to suppress electrical discharges in the amygdala in cats undergoing N-amidinobenzamide-triggered seizures, indicating its potential therapeutic application in managing seizure disorders.

ML-252 is a potent, selective inhibitor of the Kv7.2 voltage-gated potassium channel, demonstrating an IC50 value of 69 nM in patch clamp assays. It exists as the (S)-enantiomer, which is significantly more effective than both its (R)-enantiomer counterpart and the racemic mixture, with respective IC50 values of 944 nM and 160 nM. ML-252 exhibits high selectivity for Kv7.2 over other potassium channel subtypes and shows minimal activity against more than 68 G protein-coupled receptors, various transporters, L- and N-type calcium channels, K_ATP, and hERG potassium channels. However, it does inhibit the melatonin MT1 receptor by 61% at a 10 µM concentration.

NS3861 是烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的激动剂，对α3β4 nAChR 具有高亲和力。能够分别与α3β4 (Ki:0.62 nM)、α3β2 (Ki:25 nM)、α4β4 (Ki:7.8 nM)、α4β2 (Ki:55 nM) 结合。