luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone (LH), a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone synthesized by the pituitary gland, serves vital functions in human reproductive processes.

Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH), synthesized in the hypothalamus, is a pituitary hormone that plays a crucial role in controlling reproductive function.

Gonadorelin Acetate (33515-09-2 free base) (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH)) 是下丘脑神经肽，在控制生殖功能中起关键作用。

LH-RH, salmon acetate(86073-88-3 free base) (Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH-RH), salmon acetate) 是一种在下丘脑中合成的垂体激素，在控制生殖功能中起着至关重要的作用。

Nafarelin acetate(76932-56-4 free base) (RS-94991-298) 是一种 GnRH 激动剂，可作为 GnRH 的类似物。 Nafarelin acetate(76932-56-4 free base) 导致促性腺激素促黄体激素 (LH) 和促卵泡激素 (FSH) 的垂体分泌减少。它可用于治疗雌激素依赖性病症。

Triptorelin acetate(57773-63-4 free base) (CL 118,532) 用作 GnRH 激动剂。它通过引起垂体的持续刺激来减少垂体促性腺激素促黄体激素 (LH) 和促卵泡激素 (FSH) 的分泌。曲普瑞林可用于治疗激素反应性癌症，如乳腺癌或前列腺癌、性早熟、雌激素依赖性疾病和辅助生殖。

Teverelix is a water-soluble antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH).

Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004). Kisspeptin-54 is a peptide ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54 (Kis = 1.81 and 1.45 nM for rat and human receptors, respectively).1 It is a 54 amino acid peptide encoded by the metastasis suppressor gene KISS-1. Kisspeptin-54 induces calcium mobilization in CHO-K1 cells expressing rat and human receptors (EC50s = 1.39 and 5.47 nM, respectively). It also induces arachidonic acid release in CHO cells expressing rat and human GPR54 in a concentration-dependent manner. Kisspeptin-54 (10-1,000 nM) inhibits insulin secretion from isolated mouse pancreatic β-cells in the presence of 2.8 mM, but not 11.1 mM, glucose.2 Kisspeptin-54 (1-5 nmol, i.c.v.) increases serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in mice, an effect which is reversed by the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) antagonist acycline.3 References1. Kotani, M., Detheux, M., Vandenbogaerde, A.L., et al. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J. Biol. Chem. 276(37), 34631-34636 (2001).2. Vikman, J., and Ahrén, B. Inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11(Suppl 4), 197-201 (2009).3. Gottsch, M.L., Cunningham, M.J., Smith, J.T., et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology 145(9), 4073-4077 (2004).

Cetrorelix diacetate (NS-75A) 是GnRH 受体的强效拮抗剂(IC50:1.21 nM)。

Ozarelix is a fourth generation GnRH antagonist, induces apoptosis in hormone refractory androgen receptor negative prostate cancer cells modulating expression and activity of death receptors. Mechanistically, LHRH antagonists exert rapid inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone with an accompanying rapid decrease in sex hormones and would therefore be expected to be effective in a variety of hormonally dependent disease states including ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, uterine myoma and endometriosis. BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that is caused by testosterone. Unlike LHRH agonists, ozarelix has the potential to reduce testosterone just enough to reduce both prostate size and symptoms without the severe side effects associated with a reduction in testosterone.

Ganirelix为一种竞争性且选择性的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)拮抗剂，其主要作用机制为抑制内源性GnRH，从而抑制黄体生成素(LH)及促卵泡激素的释放。

LH-RH II (chicken) 为家鸡下丘脑黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)两种形式之一，亦为哺乳动物LHRH的结构变体。该化合物促进家鸡促性腺激素释放。

GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (25-53), human 是来源于人的促性腺激素释放激素相关肽（GAP）的一个特定片段，具体为第25至第53位氨基酸（hGAP-25-53）。本片段可用作免疫原，用以产生含有MC-1、MC-2和MC-3等抗体的抗血清。GAP通过其内含的三个氨基酸加工位点，能与黄体生成素释放激素（LH-RH）序列进行有效连接。

GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-24), human 是人类的一个化合物，具体为促性腺激素释放激素相关肽(GAP)的第1至24个氨基酸片段(hGAP-1-24)。该化合物通过3个氨基酸加工位点与黄体生成素释放激素(LH-RH)序列连接。

[D-Lys6]-LH-RH 是一种黄体激素释放激素 (LHRH) 类似物，可作为GnRH 受体激动剂。

[D-Glp1,D-Phe2,D-Trp3,6]-LH-RH 是一种黄体激素释放激素 (LHRH) 类似物，可作为 GnRH 受体拮抗剂。

[D-Ala6]-LH-RH，一种黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)模拟物，充当GnRH受体的激动剂。

LH-RH (7-10)，一种由性腺激素释放激素 (LHRH) 在垂体和下丘脑降解过程中形成的主要四肽降解产物之一，存在于巨噬细胞、I 型样及II 型肺细胞中。

Onvitrelin ucalontide ([Phor18-LHRH (338613)]) 是一种 LHRH (黄体生成素释放激素) 的类似物，展现出抗肿瘤特性。这一化合物是一个具备序列 KFAKFAKKFAKFAKKFAKQHWSYGLRPG 的肽，能在小鼠模型上有效地抑制乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌的异种移植物生长。

(D-Phe12,Nle21,38,α-Me-Leu37)-CRF (12-41) (human, rat) 作为一种CRF拮抗剂，能有效阻断IL-1a诱发的黄体生成素 (LH) 抑制作用。

(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH是一种LHRH(黄体生成素释放激素)的类似物，主要通过激活垂体分泌黄体生成素(LH)和促卵泡激素(FSH)来在生殖调控中发挥核心作用。

(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH 是一种黄体生成素释放激素 (LHRH) 的类似物，主要通过促进垂体分泌黄体生成素 (LH) 和促卵泡激素 (FSH) 来在生殖调控中发挥关键作用。

(D-Trp6)-LHRH free acid 是促黄体生成素释放激素 (LHRH) 激动剂。

(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH 是黄体生成素释放激素 (LHRH) 的类似物。LHRH 通过刺激垂体黄体生成素 (LH) 和促卵泡激素 (FSH) 的释放，在控制生殖中发挥核心作用。