liver x receptor a

Larsucosterol ammonium salt(拉舒胆醇铵盐)是Larsucosterol(DUR-928)的盐形式和25HC3S的衍生物。Larsucosterol是一种DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂(DNMT)，是一种有效的肝 X 受体 (LXR) 拮抗剂，一种内源性硫酸氧甾醇和一种表观遗传调节剂，能够调节脂质代谢，减少炎症，治疗肝病。

GW3965 是选择性的肝 X 受体 (LXR) 激动剂，对 hLXRα 和 hLXRβ 的 EC50分别为 190 nM 和 30 nM。

BE1218 是一种肝 X 受体 (LXR) 反向激动剂，对 LXRα 和 LXRβ有活性，IC50 分别为 9 nM 和 7 nM。

LXRβ agonist-2 is a highly potent and β-selective liver X receptor (LXRβ) agonist with EC50 of 7 nM.

Nagilactone B is extracted from the root bark of Podocarpus nagi and it also is a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist.

Rovazolac (ALX-101) 是一种肝脏x受体 (LXR)调节剂，可用于研究免疫系统疾病和特应性皮炎。

SR9238 是有效的肝 X 受体(LXR)反向激动剂，对LXRα和LXRβ的IC50分别为 214 nM 和 43 nM。

Abequolixron作为一种小分子的肝X受体激动剂，通过针对载脂蛋白E通路的失调，并通过抑制肿瘤血管生成来增强抗肿瘤免疫力。

24,25-Epoxycholesterol 是一种氧固醇激动剂，与肝脏 X 受体结合，能够抑制肝细胞内 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶 (HMG-CoA reductase) 的活性，在肝脏中调节胆固醇代谢。

GSK9772 is a transrepression-selective liver X receptor modulators with anti-inflammatory activity.

Saikosaponin A 是银柴胡中的主要活性成分，有抗炎活性，可上调 LXRα的表达。

(±)14(15)-EET is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that is formed via epoxidation of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450.[1],[2] It prevents increases in leukotriene B4, ICAM-1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL2) induced by oxidized LDL in primary rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAECs) when used at a concentration of 1 μM.[3] (±)14(15)-EET induces dilation of preconstricted isolated canine coronary arterioles (EC50 = 0.2 pM).[4] It reduces myocardial infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk in a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion when administered at a dose of 0.128 mg kg prior to occlusion or reperfusion.[5] Reference：[1]. Chacos, N., Falck, J.R., Wixtrom, C., et al. Novel epoxides formed during the liver cytochrome P-450 oxidation of arachidonic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 104(3), 916-922 (1982).[2]. Oliw, E.H., Guengerich, F.P., and Oates, J.A. Oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases. Isolation and metabolism of four epoxide intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 257(7), 3771-3781 (1982).[3]. Jiang, J.-X., Zhang, S.-J., Xiong, Y.-K., et al. EETs attenuate ox-LDL-induced LTB4 production and activity by inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation and 5-LO BLT1 receptor expression in rat pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. PLoS One 10(6), e0128278 (2015).[4]. Oltman, C.L., Weintraub, N.L., VanRollins, M., et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids are potent vasodilators in the canine coronary microcirculation. Circ. Res. 83(9), 932-939 (1998).[5]. Nithipatikom, K., Moore, J.M., Isbell, M.A., et al. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in cardioprotection: Ischemic versus reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 291(2), H537-H542 (2006).

SR 1903 is a modulator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and liver X receptor (LXR).1 It is an inverse agonist of RORγ (IC50 = ~100 nM in a cell-based reporter assay) and an agonist of LXR. It also binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; IC50 = 209 nM) but does not activate it. SR 1903 (10 μM) inhibits LPS-induced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. It also inhibits LPS-induced expression of the LXR target genes IL-6 and IL-33 and increases expression of ABCG1, FASN, and SCD-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. SR 1903 (20 mg kg twice per day) reduces severity score in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. It reduces blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL, body weight, and fat mass in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity.References1. Chang, M.R., Ciesla, A., Strutzenberg, T.S., et al. Unique polypharmacology nuclear receptor modulator blocks inflammatory signaling pathways. ACS Chem. Biol. 14(5), 1051-1062 (2019). SR 1903 is a modulator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and liver X receptor (LXR).1 It is an inverse agonist of RORγ (IC50 = ~100 nM in a cell-based reporter assay) and an agonist of LXR. It also binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; IC50 = 209 nM) but does not activate it. SR 1903 (10 μM) inhibits LPS-induced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. It also inhibits LPS-induced expression of the LXR target genes IL-6 and IL-33 and increases expression of ABCG1, FASN, and SCD-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. SR 1903 (20 mg kg twice per day) reduces severity score in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. It reduces blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL, body weight, and fat mass in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. References1. Chang, M.R., Ciesla, A., Strutzenberg, T.S., et al. Unique polypharmacology nuclear receptor modulator blocks inflammatory signaling pathways. ACS Chem. Biol. 14(5), 1051-1062 (2019).

22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol is a synthetic oxysterol and a modulator of the liver X receptor (LXR). [1] t prevents monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression induced by the LXR agonist GW 3965 in primary hepatocytes and downregulates mRNA expression of the LXR target genes CD36, ACSL1, and SCD-1 in human myotubes. It decreases triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol synthesis from labeled palmitate and acetate, respectively, in human myoblasts by 50% when used at a concentration of 10 uM. 22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol also reduces fatty acid synthase (FAS) reporter activity through an LXR response element in the promoter region in COS-1 cells transfected with RXRα and LXRα and decreases the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption.[1] [2] Dietary supplementation of 22(S)-hydroxy cholesterol (30 mg kg per day) leads to less body weight gain and lower liver triacylglycerol levels in rats when fed either a regular chow or high-fat diet as well as prevents an increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels resulting from a high-fat diet.[3]

CAY10771 is a dual agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ).1It activates FXR and PPARδ in reporter assays using HEK293T cells (EC50s = 0.94 and 1.5 μM, respectively) and is selective for these receptors over retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), PPARα, PPARγ, and liver X receptor α (LXRα) at 10 μM. 1.Schierle, S., Neumann, S., Heitel, P., et al.Design and structural optimization of dual FXR/PPARδ activatorsJ. Med. Chem.63(15)8369-8379(2020)

RGX-104 hydrochloride (SB742881) 是小分子LXR 激动剂，利用 ApoE 基因的转录激活，调节先天免疫。

LXR (Liver X receptor) agonist 1 是 LXR 的有效激动剂，能够作用于 LXR-α (AC50: 1.5 nM) 和 LXR-β (AC50: 12 nM)。LXR agonist 1 对动脉粥样硬化表现出研究潜力。

LXRβ agonist-3 是一种强效的、选择性的 LXRβ (肝 X 受体 β) 激动剂 (EC50: 0.095 μM)。LXRβ agonist-3 可以有效抑制 U87EGFRvIII 细胞 (IC50: 3.75 μM)。LXRβ agonist-3 表现出抗肿瘤作用，能够抑制恶性胶质瘤。

LXR agonist 2 是 LXR (肝 X 受体) 的有效激动剂。LXR agonist 2 能够稳定 NCOA1 (助激活剂)，进而激动 LXR。

LXR antagonist 2 (compound 10rr) 是一种有效的 LXR (肝 X 受体) 反向激动剂，能够作用于 LXRβ (IC50: 0.36 μM) 和 LXRα (IC50: 2.25 μM)。 LXR antagonist 2 是一种脂肪生成抑制剂，能够下调 LXR 靶基因 SREBP-1c、ACC、FAS 和 SCD-1。LXR antagonist 2 对 Triton WR-1339 诱导的高脂血症小鼠表现出降脂活性。

SR-1903 is a modulator of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and liver X receptor (LXR). It is an inverse agonist of RORγ and an agonist of LXR. It also binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR) but does not activate it. SR-1903 inhibits LPS-induced expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1). It also inhibits LPS-induced expression of the LXR target genes IL-6 and IL-33 and increases expression of ABCG1, FASN, and SCD-1. SR-1903 reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis. It reduces blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test, serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL, body weight, and fat mass in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Cilofexor, also known as GS-9674, is a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist. The nonsteroidal FXR agonist cilofexor (GS-9674) improves markers of cholestasis and liver injury in patients with PSC. In clinical study, cilofexor was well tolerated and led to significant improvements in liver biochemistries and markers of cholestasis in patients with PSC.

Vidofludimus (4sc-101 ; SC12267) hemicalcium 是一种口服有效的二氢乳清酸脱氢酶 (DHODH) 的抑制剂，也是法尼醇 X 受体 (FXR) 调节剂。Vidofludimus hemicalcium 作为一种免疫调节剂，可用于研究自身免疫性疾病，如炎症性肠病 (IBD)。Vidofludimus hemicalcium 还可通过靶向FXR 用于脂肪肝的研究。

Larsucosterol trimethylamine (DUR-928 trimethylamine) 是一种有效的肝 X 受体 (LXR) 拮抗剂，可调节内源性表观遗传，减少肝细胞内的脂质积累，减弱巨噬细胞中脂多糖 （LPS） 和 TNFα 诱导的炎症反应，缓解 LPS 和对乙酰氨基酚 （ATMP） 诱导的多器官损伤。