Linoleoyl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring long-chain acylcarnitine. Hepatic levels of linoleoyl-L-carnitine are increased following high-dose (200 mg/kg) administration of isoniazid in mice.
Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine. It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 μM and 4.6 mM, respectively).
Hexanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine. It has been used in the synthesis of acylcarnitine benzyl esters.1
1.Gong, X.-w., Li, J.-p., Wu, J.-f., et al.Synthesis of carnitine benzyl esters as prodrugsJ. Chem. Res.2008(6)327-330(2008)
Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]