keratinocyte

Tracheloside 是抗雌激素木质素，利用 ERK1 2 刺激促进角质形成细胞增殖，是一种良好的促进伤口愈合的药物。

TB500 是一种胸腺素β4活性区域的合成分子。它可促进内皮细胞分化，角质形成细胞迁移，真皮组织中的血管生成，胶原沉积和减少炎症。

Hypericin (Cyclosan) 属于天然蒽醌类化合物，是贯叶连翘的提取物，可以抑制 PKC、MAO、多巴胺-beta-羟化酶、逆转录酶、端粒酶和 CYP等。Hypericin 具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗抑郁活性。

Casein Kinase II Inhibitor IV 是一种小分子诱导剂，可诱导表皮角质形成细胞分化。

Tazarotene (Zorac) 是一种选择性视黄酸受体激动剂，用于研究寻常痤疮和斑块状银屑病。

Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 Acetate (959610-24-3 Free base)) 是肉豆蔻酸和 Tetrapeptide-12 的反应产物，是一种刺激头发和睫毛生长并增强睫毛和 或眉毛外观的肽。 Myristoyl tetrapeptide-12 可以增加角质形成细胞的增殖，改善外观、紧致弹性和皮肤厚度。

Casein Kinase II Inhibitor IV Hydrochloride 是一种表皮角质形成细胞分化的小分子诱导剂，可用于机制研究，并具有治疗皮肤过度增生性疾病的研究潜力。

Phenformin (BRN 1977317) 是一种双胍化合物，具有抗癌和抗血糖活性，抑制皮肤肿瘤生长并促进角质形成细胞分化，促进细胞凋亡。

CAY10583是一种有效和选择性的BLT2 (leukotriene B4 receptor type 2)激动剂，增加TGF-β1和bFGF表达，促进角化细胞迁移和成纤维细胞增殖，加速糖尿病小鼠伤口愈合。

K6PC-5是一种神经酰胺衍生物，作为鞘氨醇激酶1（SPHK1）的激活剂，能快速临时提高细胞内钙水平。考虑到其在与异常角质形成细胞功能相关的皮肤疾病、神经退行性疾病和病毒感染研究中的潜在应用，K6PC-5展现为一个前景广阔的研究用化合物。

BMS-480404 is an effective small molecule inhibitor, which can bind to human keratinocyte fatty acid-binding protein.

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

(1S)-Calcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3) is a natural metabolite of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3). (1S)-Calcitriol exhibits potent vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated actions such as inhibition of keratinocyte growth or suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion[1]. 3‐epi‐Calcitroic acid is an end product of (1S)-Calcitriol (1α,25-Dihydroxy-3-epi-vitamin-D3; 3‐epi‐1a,25(OH)2D3) metabolism by rat CYP24A1[1]. [1]. Steve Y Rhieu, et al. Metabolic stability of 3-epi-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 over 1 α 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: metabolism and molecular docking studies using rat CYP24A1. J Cell Biochem. 2013 Oct;114(10):2293-305.

PAR2 (1-6) is a synthetic peptide agonist of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) that corresponds to residues 1-6 of the amino terminal tethered ligand sequence of mouse and rat PAR2. It also corresponds to residues 39-44 and 37-42 of the mouse and rat full-length sequences, respectively. PAR2 (1-6) induces relaxation in precontracted rat arteries in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that can be reduced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA . It inhibits keratinocyte growth in the presence and absence of growth factors. PAR2 (1-6) inhibits LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophil influx and increases in matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in mice.

8(S)-HETE is a major lipoxygenase product in PMA-treated murine epidermis. It activates mouse keratinocyte protein kinase C with an IC50 of 100 μM. 8(S)-HETE also activates PPARα selectively at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM. Stereochemical assignment of the (S) enantiomer is based on comparison of chiral HPLC retention times to published results.

Aureusimine B 是一种钙蛋白酶抑制剂，由金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜产生，可能是金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜感染的潜在生物标志物。

4-Methyl-1-pentanol对SCC-25细胞和NHK细胞（normal human keratinocyte）具有抑制活性，可用于研究癌症。

Antiproliferative agent-6 (compound 8a) 是有效的抗肿瘤化合物。Antiproliferative agent-6 具有抗增殖活性，抑制癌细胞系 HCT116、MCF-7、H460 和非肿瘤非整倍体永生角质细胞 HaCaT 的 GI50分别为 0.5 μM、2 μM、0.7 μM 和 3.5 μM。

NVS-BET-1 是 BET 溴结构域抑制剂。NVS-BET-1可以调节角质形成细胞可塑性。

Q-Peptide（QHREDGS），是血管生成素-1的衍生肽。在糖尿病小鼠模型中，它通过增加角质形成细胞迁移来改善伤口愈合，并加速伤口闭合。

Palifermin, 一种重组人角质形成细胞生长因子 (KGF)，具有诱导细胞生长和抗粘液毒性的特性。它常被用于减轻由细胞毒研究引起的口腔黏膜损伤。

TB500 acetate(885340-08-9 free base) (Frag17-23 Acetate) 是胸腺素 β4 活性区域的合成版本。它促进内皮细胞分化、真皮组织中的血管生成、角质形成细胞迁移、胶原沉积和减少炎症。

HB-107 是一种肽类化合物，以其促进伤口修复的特性而研究。该化合物可加速伤口处的角质形成细胞增生和白细胞的浸润，此外还能刺激培养中的内皮细胞分泌白细胞介素 8 (IL-8)。其在伤口愈合及炎症研究领域的应用前景被高度期待。