il 15 in 1

IL-15-IN-1是一种 IL-15依赖性细胞的选择性抑制剂(IC50:0.8 μM)。

NEK7-IN-1 (Compound I-15) 是一种 NIMA 相关激酶 7 (NEK7) 的抑制剂，IC50小于100 nM，且能抑制 IL-1β 的释放，IC50小于50 nM。

NLRP3 IN 70（化合物 15）表现出强效的 NLRP3 抑制活性，有效抑制 THP-1 中的 IL-1β 分泌（IC50 = 23 nM）。

Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM. Benpyrine tightly binds to TNF-α and blocks its interaction with TNFR1, with an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. Benpyrine has the potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research[1]. Benpyrine (5-20 μM; 14 hours; RAW264.7 cells) pretreatment results in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW264.7 cells (stimulated with 10 ng mL TNF-α or 1 μg mL LPS). Benpyrine abolishes the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells[1].Benpyrine only blocks cell death induced by TNF-αWT and Y119A, and increases the cell survival rate up to 80%. Benpyrine does not obviously affect L57A- and Y59L-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells[1]. Benpyrine (25-50 mg kg; oral gavage; daily; for 2 weeks; Balb c mice) treatment significantly relieves the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Benpyrine dose-dependently decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6, and increases the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[1].Endotoxemia murine model shows that Benpyrine (25 mg kg) could attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation, thereby reducing liver and lung injury[1]. [1]. Weiguang Sun, et al. Discovery of an Orally Active Small Molecule TNF-α Inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2020 Jul 15.

Givinostat (ITF-2357) is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 198 and 157 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. Givinostat (ITF2357) suppresses total LPS-induced IL-1β production robustly compared with the reduction by ITF3056. At 25, 50, and 100 nM, Givinostat reduced IL-1β secretion more than 70%. Givinostat (ITF-2357) suppresses the production of IL-6 in PBMCs stimulated with TLR agonists as well as the combination of IL-12 plus IL-18. IL-6 secretion decreases to 50% at 50 nM Givinostat, but at 100 and 200 nM, there is no reduction[1]. As shown by the CCK-8 assay, Givinostat (ITF-2357) inhibits JS-1 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with Givinostat ≥500 nM is associated with significant inhibition of JS-1 cell proliferation (P<0.01). Also, the cell inhibition rate significantly differs between the group cotreated with Givinostat ≥250 nM plus LPS and the group without LPS treatment (same Givinostat concentration) (P<0.05)[2]. Givinostat (ITF2357) at 10 mg kg is used as a positive control and, as expected, reduced serum TNFα by 60%. Strikingly, pretreatment of ITF3056 starting at 0.1 mg kg significantly reduces the circulating TNFα by nearly 90%. To achieve a significant increase in serum IL-1β production, a higher dose of LPS is injected (10 mg kg), and blood is collected after 4 h. Similarly, when pretreated with lower doses of Givinostat (ITF-2357) (1 or 5 mg kg), there is a 22% reduction for 1 mg kg and 40% for 5 mg kg[1]. [1]. Li S, et al. Specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 reduces gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 23;290(4):2368-78. [2]. Wang YG, et al. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. [3]. Leoni F, et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15.

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

Anti-inflammatory agent 15 (化合物 29) 是有效的抗结核分枝杆菌剂，可用于结核病(TB)的研究。Anti-inflammatory agent 15 抑制 Mtb H37Rv 和 M299生长，MIC50分别为 2.3 和 7.8 μM。Anti-inflammatory agent 15也是一种抗炎剂， 通过抑制 iNOS 的表达来抑制 NO，同时也抑制 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生。

β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid is an alkaloid that has been found in P. quassioides and has diverse biological activities. It reduces LPS-induced increases in MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 15 µg ml and inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid induces cytotoxicity in CT26.WT, K562, and SGC-7901 cells (IC50s = 14.96, 22.11, and 19.7 µg ml, respectively) but not HepG2 or A549 cells (IC50s = 36.41 and 41.51 µg ml, respectively). It also inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase with an IC50 value of 96 µM.

NLRP3-IN-15 是一种有效的、选择性的 NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂 (KD: 5.87 μM)。NLRP3-IN-15 抑制 IL-1β 释放，IC50为 0.131 μM。NLRP3-IN-15可用于炎症研究。

JAK-IN-24 是一种 JAK 抑制剂，在 4 μM 或 1 mM ATP 存在时，IC50分别为 0.534 和 24 nM。JAK-IN-24 还抑制 PBMCIL-15诱导的 STAT5磷酸化，IC50为 86.171 nM。

STINGagonist-23 (CF502) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中 IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和 CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗 SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-24 (CF504) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-25 (CF505) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-26 (CF508) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-28 (CF510) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

Inbakicept 是一种 IL-15 受体α sushi 结构域与免疫球蛋白 G1（人 Fc 片段）融合蛋白二聚体，是一种 IL-15 超级激动剂蛋白复合物。 Inbakicept 与 IL-15 抗体 Nogapendekin alfa 可以结合形成复合物 Nogapendekin alfa inbakicept (ALT-803)，比例为1：2。ALT-803 具有潜在的抗癌抗肿瘤活性，可用于研究乳腺癌。

COX-2 15-LOX-IN-3 (compound 5k) 为COX-2 15-LOX的一种双重抑制剂，具有分别为0.075 μM和1.97 μM的IC50值。该化合物能显著抑制LPS诱导的细胞产生促炎细胞因子（IL-6, ROS和NO），表明其具备显著的抗炎活性。

COX-2 15-LOX-IN-4（compound 5i）是一种针对COX-2和15-LOX的双重抑制剂，其IC50值分别为0.075 μM和1.97 μM。该化合物能有效地阻止LPS诱发的细胞内促炎细胞因子（IL-6, ROS）的产生，表现出明确的抗炎活性。

PDE1-IN-5 (Compound 10c) 是一种PDE1C选择性抑制剂，IC50为15 nM。该化合物显示出抗炎活性，能够抑制LPS诱导的iNOS、TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β和IL-6表达。在DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型中，PDE1-IN-5对抗炎性肠病(IBD)表现出治疗潜力，并可用于IBD相关研究。

HMGB1-IN-2 (compound 15) 是一种针对高度保守的核蛋白 HMGB1 的抑制剂，其在 RAW264.7 细胞中展现出 NO 抑制活性，IC50 为 20.2 μM。 HMGB1-IN-2 (30 μM) 能够减少 IL-1β、TNF-α、caspase-1 p20 的表达，并抑制 NF-κB p65 的磷酸化作用，显示出抗凋亡特性。在脓毒症急性肾损伤模型的小鼠中，HMGB1-IN-2（15 mg kg；腹腔注射）可有效减轻肾脏伤害。此外，HMGB1-IN-2 对 Huh7 细胞和 A549 细胞的 IC50 分别为 77.0 μM 和 82.0 μM。

F1是一种抗炎肽，由HIV-1 Tat蛋白质转导域与对应于抑制因子NF-κB激酶-相互作用肽（IKIP）46-60残基的15氨基酸肽链接而成。在5 µM浓度下，F1抑制了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中LPS诱导的IκB激酶α（IKKα）和IKKβ的磷酸化以及NF-κB（p65）的核内转移。在体内，F1（5 mg/kg）降低了LPS诱导的脓毒症小鼠模型中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的血清水平，并增加了生存率。

Nanrilkefusp alfa (SO-C101; SOT101) 是一种选择性的强效融合蛋白，由IL-15和IL-15Rαsushi+结构域组成。该化合物通过增殖和激活记忆性 CD8+T 细胞、自然杀伤细胞、γ δ T 细胞及自然杀伤 T 细胞，有效抑制肿瘤。在多种小鼠肿瘤模型中，Nanrilkefusp alfa 显著抑制肿瘤生长并防止黑色素瘤的远处转移。