ifn-a-6

3-Hydroxykynurenamine, also known as 3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenamine or 3-HKA, is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1 NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. 3-HKA has protective effects in an experimental mouse model of psoriasis by decreasing skin thickness, erythema, scaling and fissuring, reducing TNF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 production, and inhibiting generation of effector CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis, besides reducing inflammatory cytokines, 3-HKA improves proteinuria and serum urea nitrogen, overall ameliorating immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

T6167923是一种有效的、选择性的MyD88依赖性信号通路抑制剂。T6167923 与 MyD88 的 Toll IL1 受体 (TIR) 结构域结合良好，破坏 MyD88 的同二聚体形成。T6167923 抑制 NF-κB 驱动的葡萄球菌肠毒素AP (SEAP) 活性，并且改善抗炎活性，对 IFN-γ，IL-1β，IL-6 和 TNF-α 的 IC50分别为 2.7 μM，2.9 μM，2.66 μM 和 2.66 μM。

GHN105 是一种具有口服活性的STING抑制剂，能够在THP-1人单核细胞中以IC50为4.4 μM的浓度抑制STING依赖性的IFN-β分泌。GHN105 可降低小鼠血清中的IFN-β、IL-6和CXCL10水平，并在DSS诱发的急性结肠炎小鼠模型中缓解结肠炎。该化合物在小鼠体内展示了良好的药代动力学参数，口服生物利用度为43%，半衰期为1.1小时。

C188 is a cell-permeable naphthol compound and a STAT3 inhibitor. C188 inhibits IL-6-stimulated STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in HepG2 cells by targeting STAT3 SH2 domain peptide-binding pocket, while exhibiting little effect agai

CAY10748 is an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING; IC50= 0.3794 μM in a competition binding assay).1It activates STING in STING-expressing, but not STING knockout, THP-1 cells (EC50s = 0.287 and >100 μM, respectively, in a reporter assay). It induces phosphorylation of STING at the serine in position 366, as well as phosphorylation of TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), indicating activation of the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. CAY10748 increases the secretion of IFN-β and the levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when used at a concentration of 10 μM. It also reduces tumor growth in a CT26 murine colon cancer model when administered at a dose of 0.15, but not 1.5, mg/kg. 1.Xi, Q., Wang, M., Jia, W., et al.Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of amidobenzimidazole derivatives as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonistsJ. Med. Chem.63(1)260-282(2019)

Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM. Benpyrine tightly binds to TNF-α and blocks its interaction with TNFR1, with an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. Benpyrine has the potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research[1]. Benpyrine (5-20 μM; 14 hours; RAW264.7 cells) pretreatment results in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW264.7 cells (stimulated with 10 ng mL TNF-α or 1 μg mL LPS). Benpyrine abolishes the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells[1].Benpyrine only blocks cell death induced by TNF-αWT and Y119A, and increases the cell survival rate up to 80%. Benpyrine does not obviously affect L57A- and Y59L-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells[1]. Benpyrine (25-50 mg kg; oral gavage; daily; for 2 weeks; Balb c mice) treatment significantly relieves the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis. Benpyrine dose-dependently decreases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6, and increases the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10[1].Endotoxemia murine model shows that Benpyrine (25 mg kg) could attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation, thereby reducing liver and lung injury[1]. [1]. Weiguang Sun, et al. Discovery of an Orally Active Small Molecule TNF-α Inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2020 Jul 15.

STING agonist 1a is an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1It induces expression of an IRF-inducible SEAP reporter gene in a cell-based assay (EC50= 16.77 μM). STING agonist 1a (12.5-100 μM) induces expression of IFN-β, IL-6, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) in THP-1 cells, an effect that can be reversed by STING knockout or the STING inhibitor H-151 . 1.Hou, H., Yang, R., Liu, X., et al.Discovery of triazoloquinoxaline as novel STING agonists via structure-based virtual screeningBioorg. Chem.100103958(2020)

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR).References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018). STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.1 It induces secretion of type I IFN from THF and MM6 cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM. STING agonist C11 induces phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and increases expression of IFIT1 and viperin, but not IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-8 in THF cells in a STING-dependent manner. It reduces viral titers of chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, o'nyong-nyong, Mayaro, and Ross River viruses grown in THF cells (EC90s = 16.44, 16.7, 18.84, 25.19, and 22.57 μM, respectively), an effect that is dependent on the presence of STING and the IFN-α β receptor (IFNAR). References1. Gall, B., Pryke, K., Abraham, J., et al. Emerging alphaviruses are sensitive to cellular states induced by a novel small-molecule agonist of the STING pathway. J. Virol. 92(6), e01913-01917 (2018).

AX-024 is a novel chemical compound that acts as an orally available inhibitor of the TCR-Nck interaction. Its primary mechanism of action is the selective inhibition of T cell activation triggered by TCR stimulation. With an IC50 value of approximately 1 nM, AX-024 effectively modulates cell signaling by specifically targeting SH3 domains. Additionally, AX-024 demonstrates desirable characteristics such as low acute toxicity, high potency, and excellent selectivity. Notably, it exhibits strong inhibitory effects on the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-17A.

ODN 2088 是一种 TLR3、TLR7 和 TLR9 的有效抑制剂，无细胞毒性，对 IFN-α 和 IL-6 的释放表现出抑制作用。

Neobavaisoflavone 是一种从Psoralea corylifolia 的种子中分离出来的类黄酮。它具有抗炎，抗癌和抗氧化的作用。它在中至高浓度下可抑制 DNA 聚合酶，也可抑制血小板聚集。

6(5H)-Phenanthridinone is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. It decreases radiation-induced PARP activity and proliferation of RDM4 murine lymphoma cells. 6(5H)-Phenanthridinone reduces NF-κB-induced transcription of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat lymphocytes. In vivo, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone reduces spinal cord expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ and reduces disease score in a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It also decreases serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and PARP levels.

STINGagonist-23 (CF502) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中 IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和 CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗 SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-24 (CF504) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-25 (CF505) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-26 (CF508) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-28 (CF510) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

SIMR3030为一有效的SARS-CoV-2 PLpro抑制剂，具有0.0399 µg mL的IC50值。该化合物展现出抗病毒活性，能够抑制SARS-CoVspike、ORF1b、IFN-α、IL-6 mRNA的表达，并在小鼠中显示良好的安全性。

IRBP1-20（1-20）是IRBP的一个十二肽片段，亦称视黄醇结合蛋白3，负责运输视锥细胞中的视黄醇和视黄醛至视网膜色素上皮，参与色素再生。在携带H-2b等位基因型的C57BL/6小鼠中，IRBP1-20用于诱导自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎。IRBP1-20（3 µM）能增加初级小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-4、IL-5和IL-6的水平。用IRBP1-20免疫并再次挑战，可增加IFN-γ缺乏小鼠的耳部肿胀、眼部血管炎症、免疫细胞浸润和视锥细胞层损伤，以及视网膜脱落。

IRBP651-670（Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (651-670)）是IRBP（亦称为retinoid-binding protein 3）的肽段，参与色素再生，通过将视黄醇和视黄醛从光感受细胞传输到视网膜色素上皮。在C57BL 6小鼠中，利用IRBP651-670诱导自身免疫性葡萄膜炎，这些小鼠携带H-2b单体型。用IRBP651-670（300 µg 动物）免疫增加了小鼠眼部IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平，免疫细胞浸润及光感受器损伤。

STING激动剂D61（D61）是干扰素基因刺激剂(STING)的激动剂。它在基于细胞的分析中诱导IFN3诱导的分泌性碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)报告基因和IFN-β诱导的报告基因的表达（EC50分别为52.9和116 nM）。D61（4, 6, 和8 µM）增加了编码IFN-β和化学因子（C-X-C基序）配体10（CXCL10）的mRNA的表达以及TANK结合激酶1（TBK1）、IRF3和STING在THP-1单核细胞中的磷酸化。在体内，D61（每隔一天0.25 mg/kg）在CT26小鼠结肠癌模型中减少肿瘤体积，而不影响体重。

EGFRvIII peptide是一种合成肽，对应于特异性肿瘤、具有持续激活性的EGFR变体EGFRvIII的融合接头，该变体缺少野生型EGFR的第6至273个氨基酸。在25 µg/ml的浓度下，它能与MHC I类亚型HLA-A*0201阳性的T2细胞结合。在用于分离的人外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）衍生的树突状细胞中，EGFRvIII peptide可诱导抗原呈递，进而刺激CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的激活和IFN-γ产生。与toll样受体5（TLR5）激动剂鞭毛蛋白B共同免疫EGFRvIII peptide（15 µg/动物），在正交GL261胶质母细胞瘤小鼠异种移植模型中，增加了CD8+ T细胞数量，减少了调节性T细胞（Tregs）数量，减少了肿瘤体积，并提高了生存率。

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica (Salmonella enterica) serotype enteritidis 是来自肠道沙门氏菌血清型致肠炎的脂多糖内毒素和 TLR-4 激活剂，属于 S 型 LPS，能够激活免疫系统的致病相关分子模式 (PAMP)，同时诱导细胞分泌迁移体。它具有典型的三部分结构：O 抗原、核心寡糖和脂质 A。此外，Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis 可以诱发全身炎症反应，导致血浆中 TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10 及硝酸盐水平升高。