human milk

2'-FUCOSYLLACTOSE (2'-Fucosyl-D-lactose) 是一种含岩藻糖的寡糖。

Human milk lysozyme，一种在人乳中发现的溶菌酶，被认为是保护新生儿胃肠道免受细菌感染的关键防御因子。

2-Phenylglycine (DL-α-Phenylglycine) 是在 W2 - W4 哺乳期母乳中的代谢产物。

Silibinin (Silybin) 是水飞蓟的主要活性成分，具有抗癌和化疗预防作用，能抑制细胞增殖和迁移。

H-Abu-OH (L-α-amino-n-Butyric acid) 是氨基丁酸的三个同分异构体之一，它在患有雷氏综合征，同型血尿症，酪氨酸血症，非酮糖症以及鸟氨酸转氨酶症等代谢病儿童的血浆中的含量会明显升高。

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob/obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

Resolvin D4 (RvD4) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid . [1] It has been detected in human milk, in the dorsal pouch of mice before and after infection with S. aureus, and in untreated tissues from humans, mice, and sardines.[2][3] RvD4, at 10 ng/mouse, reduces neutrophil infiltration in zymosan A-induced peritonitis and, at 200 ng/mouse, diminishes neutrophil infiltration in response to S. aureus infection. [3] With isolated cells, RvD4 promotes phagocytosis of bacteria, opsonized zymosan A, and apoptotic neutrophils by human macrophages.[3] It also promotes the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by human fibroblasts.[3] Reference：[1]. Serhan, C.N., and Savill, J. Resolution of inflammation: The beginning programs the end. Nature Immunology 6(12), 1191-1197 (2005).[2]. Arnardottir, H., Orr, S.K., Dalli, J., et al. Human milk proresolving mediators stimulate resolution of acute inflammation. Mucosal. Immunol. 9(3), 757-766 (2016).[3]. Winkler, J.W., Orr, S.K., Dalli, J., et al. Resolvin D4 stereoassignment and its novel actions in host protection and bacterial clearance. Sci.Rep. 6, (2016).

Lalistat 2 是一种溶酶体酸性脂肪酶的特异性抑制剂，IC50 为 152 nM，对人胰脂肪酶或牛乳脂蛋白脂肪酶没有抑制作用（高达 10 μM）。

Heneicosanoic acid (C21:0) 是广泛存在于动植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸。

3-Fucosyllactose (3-Fucosyl-D-lactose) 是人类母乳中的主要焦糖之一，具益生元、免疫调节、促进新生儿大脑发育及抗菌功能。

Lactodifucotetraose (Difucosyllactose)，一种四糖，源自人乳。该分子包括D-葡萄糖，D-半乳糖及L-fucose。

Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose III（MFLNH III）是一种具有特定生物学功能的中性人乳寡糖（HMO）。

Monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose I (MFLNH I) 作为人乳低聚糖的组分之一, 具有特定的生物学功能。

Lacto-N-triose II 作为人乳低聚糖(HMOs)的核心结构单位，具备用于合成复杂HMOs的营养潜力。

Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II（Compd 9），一种关键的人乳四糖衍生物，为点击化学反应试剂。该化合物含 Azide 基团，适用于铜催化叠氮-炔环加成反应（CuAAc），与含 Alkyne 基团的分子反应。同时，它也能与含 DBCO 或 BCN 基团的分子，进行菌株促进的炔-叠氮环加成反应（SPAAC）。

Lacto-N-fucopentaose V (LNFP V)为新型五糖，主要存在于人乳及其他生物体液中的低聚糖。

Lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II) 为人乳中的一种重要低聚糖，对婴儿健康具有显著作用。

Disialyllacto-N-tetraose，一种人乳低聚糖，能预防新生大鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎。

Difucosyllacto-N-neohexaose 是人乳中分离得到的低聚糖。

6′-Galactosyllactose是人乳中半乳糖主要的低聚糖成分，它能与3′-Galactosyllactose和4′-Galactosyllactose结合，合成人乳低聚糖和半乳糖人工低聚糖，从而减缓T84、NCM-460和H4细胞以及肠道组织的炎症反应。

8(Z),14(Z)-Eicosadienoic Acid, an ω-8 C20:2 fatty acid, constitutes 0.19% of total fatty acids in human milk. In vivo, it is converted by desaturases into eicosatrienoic acids, known for their potent vasodilator properties. However, the physiological effects of 8(Z),14(Z)-Eicosadienoic Acid remain unexplored.

1-Myristoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features myristic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively. This compound is prevalent in mature human milk, infant formula fats, and butterfat.

1,3-Dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol, a triacylglycerol, incorporates linoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and stearic acid at the sn-2 position. This compound is present in soybean oil and both transitional and mature human milk.

1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-stearoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, comprises palmitic acid (at the sn-1 position), linoleic acid (at the sn-2 position), and stearic acid (at the sn-3 position). This compound is present in mature human milk and various plant oils.