golgi

Fatostatin A 是一种SREBP 活化的特异性抑制剂，能够抑制 SREBP-1 和 SREBP-2 的活化。它与 SCAP (SREBP 裂解激活蛋白) 结合，抑制 SREBPs 的 ER-Golgi 易位。它具有抗肿瘤活性，能抑制ob ob 小鼠的高血糖。它抑制细胞中成脂基因的转录。

Ceramides Mixture 是表皮渗透屏障的主要脂质成分，参与生长抑制，细胞周期停滞和端粒酶活性的调节。它是一种内源性神经酰胺，由含羟基和非羟基脂肪酸的神经酰胺组成。

Ceapin-A7 是内质网应激 ATF6α信号的选择性阻断剂(IC50:0.59 μM)，可用于探讨 ATF6α 促细胞活化的机制及其在病理环境中的作用。

Retro-2 (2-{[(5-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene]amino}) 是一种植物毒素蓖麻毒素抑制剂，它保护 HeLa 细胞免受蓖麻毒素、Stx1 和 Stx2 的侵害，选择性地阻断早期内体蛋白质-高尔基体界面处的逆行毒素运输。

ZCL278 是一种选择性 Cdc42 GTPase 抑制剂，与Cdc42结合，Kd 为 11.4 μM。

Fatostatin hydrobromide (Fatostatin A HBr) 是一种 SREBP 活化的特异性抑制剂，可抑制 SREBP-1 和 SREBP-2 的活化。它与 SCAP (SREBP 裂解激活蛋白) 结合，抑制 SREBPs 的 ER-Golgi 易位。它具有抗肿瘤作用，能抑制 ob ob 小鼠的高血糖。它抑制了细胞中成脂基因的转录。

(Rac)-Golgicide A ((Rac)-GCA) 是 Golgicide A 的一种消旋体。

Golgicide A-1 (GCA-1) is a moderately potent cis-diastereomer variant of Golgicide A (GCA) specifically designed to inhibit mosquito reproduction.

Golgicide A-2 (GCA-2), a derivative of Golgicide A (GCA), is the highly active enantiomer of GCA. It exhibits exceptional selectivity and efficiency in eradicating An. stephensi larvae, thus making it a valuable tool for researching dengue virus-related diseases.

Golgicide A 可抑制柯萨奇病毒 B3 和其他人类肠道病毒的复制。它是一种高度特异性可逆的顺式高尔基体 ADP-核糖基化因子鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子抑制剂。

PD 128042 (CI 976) 是口服有效的ACAT (酰基辅酶 A: 胆固醇酰基转移酶)选择性抑制剂。它也是LPAT(溶血磷脂酰基转移酶) 抑制剂。它抑制高尔基体相关 LPAT 活性 (IC50=15 μM)。它抑制多种膜运输步骤，包括在内吞和分泌途径中发现的步骤。

Swainsonine (Tridolgosir) 是一种从黄芪中分离出来的一种生物碱，是一种强效和可逆的α-甘露糖苷酶抑制剂。Swainsonine 具有抗肿瘤活性，可诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞在 G2 M 期。

Nigericin sodium salt 属于抗生素，是一种 NLRP3 激活剂，也是一种阳离子离子载体。Nigericin sodium 可以触发 NALP3 炎性体的激活，可抑制高尔基体功能并抑制革兰氏阳性菌的生长。

alphaSYN-IN-NAB2 是一种神经元保护剂，是一种由 NAB2基因编码的蛋白质。NAB2 高效且具有选择性地保护多种细胞免受 α-syn 毒性。NAB2 对依赖于 E3 泛素连接酶 Rsp5 Nedd4 的内体转运具有促进作用。NAB2 确定 α-syn 生物学中的一个可活性分子节点，该节点可以纠正其潜在病理学的多个方面，包括功能失调的内体和内质网到高尔基体囊泡的运输。NAB2参与细胞分化、凋亡和应激反应等细胞过程，可用来研究癌症、神经发育和神经元活动。

Hyaluronic acid sodium (Sodium Hyaluronate) 是一种生物聚合物，由二糖的重复单元组成，应用领域广泛。

BML-265 是一种高效的EGFR酪氨酸激酶 (EGFR tyrosine kinase) 抑制剂。它能够破坏高尔基体的完整性，并阻止分泌蛋白的物质转运。在人类细胞中，BML-265 会影响高尔基体的完整性和转运，但对啮齿动物细胞中的高尔基体无显著影响。

D011-2120 is an agent of antiviral that acts by blocking microtubule polymerization, disrupting the Golgi complex and inhibiting viral trafficking to the plasma membrane during virus egress.

G202-0362 is an antiviral agent against Rift Valley fever virus. It acts by blocking virus budding from the trans Golgi.

Sulfatides are endogenous sulfoglycolipids with various biological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, pancreas, and immune system. They are produced from the combination of ceramide and UDP-galactose in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by sulfation in the Golgi apparatus. The ceramide portion contains variable fatty acid chain lengths, which are tissue- and pathology-dependent. Sulfatides are primarily found in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, with smaller chain lengths predominant during development and longer chain lengths predominant in mature cells. They accumulate in the lysosome of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A deficiency. Sulfatides are also located in pancreatic β-cells and inhibit insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, suggesting a potential role in diabetes. Sulfatides can induce inflammation in glia in vitro and certain sulfatides, such as C24:1 3'-sulfo-galactosylceramide, can induce an immune response in vitro in mouse splenocytes. Sulfatides (bovine) (sodium salt) is a mixture of isolated bovine sulfatides.

Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) is an analog of sphingomyelin that contains ethanolamine rather than choline as the head group. It is the principal membrane phospholipid in invertebrates such as Drosophila, which lacks sphingomyelin. It is only produced in small amounts in mammalian cells, accounting for approximately 0.02 mol% of total phospholipids in mouse testis and brain. In Drosophila, CPE is biosynthesized by CPE synthase from ceramide and cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine in the Golgi lumen. In mammals, it is biosynthesized by sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in the plasma membrane and by sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Drosophila, CPE has a role in glial ensheathment of axons. Disrupting CPE synthesis by depleting SMSr in vitro in mammalian cells leads to an accumulation of ER ceramides, which are then mislocalized to the mitochondria, inducing apoptosis. However, ceramide levels are not altered in transgenic mice lacking SMSr catalytic activity. CPEs (bovine) is a mixture of CPEs with variable N-acyl chain lengths.

Exo2是一种分泌（secretion）抑制剂，细胞特异性地破坏反式高尔基网络（TGN）的完整性，干扰Shiga毒素向内质腔的传递，可用于检查哺乳动物细胞中的膜运输。

Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be easily absorbed in the small intestine[1]. Pepsin is stable at pH ranges as high as pH 6. Above this pH, pepsin is rapidly irreversibly inactivated and elevation of pH of the reaction mixture to pH 8 results in complete inactivation of pepsin[2]. Pepsin has been posited to be a reliable biological marker of EER. An immunologic pepsin assay of combined sputum and saliva was determined to be 100% sensitive and 89% specific for detection of EER (based on pH-metry), and an enzymatic test of nasal lavage fluid (100% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity) demonstrated an increased incidence of EER in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis[3]. Cultured hypopharyngeal epithelial (FaDu) cells were exposed to human pepsin (0.1 mg mL) at pH 7.4 for either 1 hour or 12 hours at 37°C and both mitochondria and Golgi complexes were clearly damaged. This finding reveals a novel mechanism by which pepsin could cause cell damage, potentially even in nonacidic refluxate[4].

M-COPA is a golgi disruptor which inhibits cell surface expression of MET protein and the ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) activation. M-COPA also inhibits angiogenesis through suppression of both VEGFR1 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways.

NC03 is a PI4K2A inhibitor which decreases the PI4P pools in Golgi and endosomes.