glutathione disulfide

Glutathione oxidized (L(-)-Glutathione) 是氧化型谷胱甘肽，谷胱甘肽是细胞内一种主要的抗氧化剂和解毒剂。

L-Cysteine-glutathione disulfide 是治愈肺结核的潜在生物标志物，是哺乳动物细胞中普遍存在的物质，具有保肝作用，可用于研究乙酰氨基酚诱导的肝毒。

Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride (Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride(1271726-51-2 Free base)) 是一种潜在的抗癌活性分子和肿瘤代谢抑制剂。Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride 靶向线粒体内膜腺嘌呤核苷酸转移酶 (ANT)，对细胞增殖有抑制作用，促进细胞凋亡。Glutathione arsenoxide hydrochloride 可用于识别如蛋白质二硫异构酶一样的细胞表面蛋白质。

L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) 属于天然三肽，存在与细胞中，是一种内源性抗氧化剂，可以清除氧自由基。L-Glutathione reduced 是某些酶的辅助因子，参与蛋白质二硫键重排并减少过氧化物。

TDK-HCPT 是由硫代缩酮键将谷胱甘肽敏感的硫胺素二硫化物与化疗药物10-羟基喜树碱结合形成的小分子共轭物。该化合物可以靶向肿瘤细胞，并延长化疗药物在其内部的滞留时间。TDK-HCPT 具有抑制肿瘤生长和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡 (apoptosis) 的抗肿瘤活性。

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

(E)-Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 10-250 and 150->500 μg/ml, respectively) and fungi (MICs = 15-50 μg/ml).1(E)-Ajoene inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231 breast, HeLa cervical, and WHCO1 esophageal cancer cells (IC50s = 18.6, 61, and 39.2 μM, respectively).2It also inhibits human glutathione reductase andT. cruzitrypanothione reductase when used at a concentration of 200 μM.3(E)-Ajoene (25 mg/kg) is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, reducing reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis in the hippocampal CA1 region.4 1.Yoshida, H., Iwata, N., Katsuzaki, H., et al.Antimicrobial activity of a compound isolated from an oil-macerated garlic extractBiosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.62(5)1014-1017(1998) 2.Kaschula, C.H., Hunter, R., Hassan, H.T., et al.Anti-proliferation activity of synthetic ajoene analogues on cancer cell-linesAnticancer Agents Med. Chem.11(3)260-266(2011) 3.Gallwitz, H., Bonse, S., Martinez-Cruz, A., et al.Ajoene is an inhibitor and subversive substrate of human glutathione reductase and Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase: Crystallographic, kinetic, and spectroscopic studiesJ. Med. Chem.42(3)364-372(1999) 4.Yoo, D.Y., Kim, W., Nam, S.M., et al.Neuroprotective effects of Z-ajoene, an organosulfur compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after transient forebrain ischemiaFood Chem. Toxicol.721-7(2014)

LCS3是一种可逆和非竞争性的谷胱甘肽二硫化物还原酶（GSR）和硫氧还蛋白还原酶1（TXNRD1）的协同抑制剂，IC50分别为3.3μM 和3.8μM。LCS3具有抗肿瘤活性，可诱导细胞凋亡，可用于研究肺腺癌（LUAD）。

Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px; EC 1.11.1.9)，是一种关键的抗氧化酶，能催化GSH与过氧化氢或脂质过氧化物反应，生成GSSG和H2O，从而减缓氧化应激。此酶在生化研究中具有重要应用。

Thioredoxin reductase peptide, corresponding to residues 53–67 in thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is used in thioredoxin reductase research. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of the redox-active disulfide bond of thioredoxin (Trx) and is essential for cellular redox homeostasis.

Thioredoxin reductase peptide acetate(950890-23-0 free base) 对应于硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TrxR) 中的 53–67 位残基，用于硫氧还蛋白还原酶研究。哺乳动物硫氧还蛋白还原酶 (TR) 催化硫氧还蛋白 (Trx) 的氧化还原活性二硫键的还原，并且在结构和谷胱甘肽还原酶的作用机制，除了 C 末端的 16 个氨基酸延伸部分含有一个罕见的连位硒硫键。