glucagon , human

Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide hormone liberated in the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. Glucagon-producing alpha cells represent one of the earliest populations of detectable islet cells in the developing endocrine pancreas.

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) (7-36)-Lys (Biotin), amide, human 是一种被 C 端标记的生物素化 GLP-1(7-36) 酰胺。

Human glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-Lys(Biotin) amide 是一种带有生物素标签的Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)，后者为一种具备提升胰岛素释放功能，从而表现出抗糖尿病活性的胃肠道肽。

Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), human, bovine, porcine 为带生物素标记的Glucagon衍生物，此肽类激素由胰腺α细胞分泌，功能是提升血液中的葡萄糖与脂肪酸浓度。

'(Met(O)27)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) 为修饰版胰高血糖素。在大鼠肝细胞内，其促进葡萄糖合成的活性虽与天然胰高血糖素相似，但呈现出较低效率，暗示蛋氨酸对于胰高血糖素与其肝脏受体绑定具有关键性作用。'

'(Asp28)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine)' 为胰高血糖素的一种改良型结构，在第28位氨基酸残基上天冬氨酸（Asp）替换原有残基，显著提高了该化合物在生理pH条件下的溶解性，且保持了与天然胰高血糖素相同的生物活性。

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human (TFA), is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and is a pancreatic hormone synthesized through post-translational processing of proglucagon.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human, is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and a pancreatic hormone synthesized through post-translational processing of proglucagon. Unlike truncated forms of GLP-1, it has no effect on food intake in rats.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human acetate 是一种高效的 GLP-1 受体激动剂。

Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a recently identified intestinal epithelium-specific growth factor that has been shown to reduce the severity of inflammatory disorders of the intestine in rodent models. Currently Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 is used as a po

Glucagon (19-29), human acetate 是一种从胰高血糖素加工而来的 COOH 末端片段，是一种有效的胰岛素分泌抑制剂。

Semaglutide 是人胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂，是一种人胰高血糖素样肽-1 的长效类似物。它有用于 2 型糖尿病研究的潜力。

Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine 是由胰腺 α 细胞产生的一种具有胰高血糖素活性的激素，可促进糖原分解和糖异生化，可用于研究肥胖和糖尿病。

Glucagon (1-29), bovine, human, porcine hydrochloride 是一种由胰腺 α 细胞产生的多肽激素。它可激活 HNF4α 并促进 HNF4α 磷酸化，促进糖异生。

GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003). GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr-/-) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2 References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003).

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) (6-27) is a PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50 values of 1,500, 600, and 300 nM, respectively, for rat PAC1, rat VPAC1, and human VPAC2 recombinant receptors expressed in CHO cells. It binds to PACAP receptors on SH-SY5Y and SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma and T47D human breast cancer cells (IC50s = 24.5, 106, and 105 nM, respectively) and inhibits cAMP accumulation induced by PACAP (1-38) (Kis = 457, 102, and 283 nM, respectively, in SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC, and T47D cells). In vivo, in newborn pigs, PACAP (6-27) (10 μM) inhibits vasodilation of pial arterioles induced by PACAP (1-27) and PACAP (1-38) . It also inhibits PACAP (1-27)-stimulated increases in plasma insulin and glucagon levels and pancreatic venous blood flow in dogs when administered locally to the pancreas at a dose of 500 μg.

PACAP-related peptide (PRP) is an endogenous 29-amino acid peptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily of peptides, which includes secretin , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide-1 , GLP-2 , and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide . It is expressed in normal human pancreas and adrenal gland tissue and in some tumors that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). PRP (1-29) is secreted by CHO-K1 cells that express human recombinant preproPACAP.

GLP-1(7-36), amide (MKC 253) 是一种生理性肠降血糖素，能够刺激胰岛素分泌。

Amylin, amide, human TFA 是一种含有37个氨基酸的胰腺多肽，与胰岛素共同分泌，对代谢和维持葡萄糖稳态具有重要作用。该化合物能够抑制胰高血糖素的分泌，延缓胃排空速度，同时作为增加饱腹感的因子。

GLP-1(9-36)amide TFA, 作为胰高血糖素样肽-1 (7-36)amide的主要代谢产物，是人胰腺GLP-1受体的拮抗剂。

(Ser8)-GLP-1 (7-36) amide, human 为源自胰高血糖素原的胰高血糖素样肽-1酰胺，属于 GLP-1(1-36) 酰胺肽裂解产物。作为肠促胰岛素激素，该化合物促进胰腺 β 细胞在葡萄糖依赖性条件下分泌胰岛素，并对消化道的运动与分泌功能产生影响。

Amylin (1-37), human acetate(hIAPP (1-37), acetate)是由胰腺与胰岛素共同分泌的一种含有37个氨基酸的肽激素，在葡萄糖稳态中抑制胰高血糖素分泌和产生饱腹感，是2型糖尿病患者胰腺中淀粉样蛋白沉积的主要成分。

Retatrutide (LY3437943) acetate 是一种针对胰高血糖素受体（GCGR）、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽受体（GIPR）和胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体（GLP-1R）的三重肽激动剂。该化合物能有效抑制这三种受体，其EC50值分别为GCGR 5.79 nM、GIPR 0.0643 nM和GLP-1R 0.775 nM，是肥胖研究领域的潜在工具。

GRPP (human)为含有30个氨基酸的Gcg衍生肽。该化合物能引起血浆胰岛素的轻微上升及血浆胰高血糖素的轻微降低，但不会影响大鼠胰岛内的胰岛素分泌。