Lipopolysaccharides 是一种脂多糖内毒素及 TLR-4 激活剂,负责激活免疫系统的致病相关分子模式 (PAMP) 并诱导细胞分泌迁移体。Lipopolysaccharides 提取自革兰氏阴性菌外膜的外叶,由抗原 O-特异性链、核心寡糖和脂质 A 组成。Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis 是来源于牙龈变形杆菌的内毒素。
Terrain, also known as NSC 291308, is a fungal metabolite with diverse biological activities. Terrein reduces age-related inflammation induced by oxidative stress through Nrf2/ERK1/2/HO-1 signalling in aged HDF cells. (+)-terrein suppresses interleukin-6/
LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.
Epimedokoreanin B 是从朝鲜淫羊藿(Epimedium koreanum Nakai)中分离的天然异戊烯基黄酮类化合物,具有抗癌、抗炎和抗菌活性。Epimedokoreanin B 是一种抗牙周炎剂,可抑制牙龈蛋白酶和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的生长和生物膜形成。Epimedokoreanin B 可以通过内质网应激介导的伴随自噬体积聚的细胞凋亡抑制肺癌细胞的生长。