BMS-645737 is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF) receptor-2 and fibroblastgrowthfactor (FGF) receptor-1. BMS-646737 has anti-angiogenic activity and was evaluated in nonclinical studies as a treatment for cancer.
Sucrose octasulfate (SOS), a component of the gastrointestinal protectant sucralfate, is an alkaline aluminum-sucrose complex that inhibits peptic hydrolysis and raises gastric pH, protecting esophageal epithelium against acid injury. It can bind to exosite II of thrombin (KD = ~1.4 μM) and inhibit its catalytic activity (IC50 = 4.5 μM) and, as such, has been used as a surrogate for heparin. Furthermore, SOS has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma models by preventing fibroblastgrowthfactor 2 (FGF-2) binding to endothelial cells and also by removing any pre-bound FGF-2 from these cells (IC50 = ~2 μg/ml).
The growthfactors, platelet-derived growthfactor (PDGF) and basic fibroblastgrowthfactor (bFGF) play major roles in enhanced smooth muscle cells growth in rodent blood vessels after vascular injury. Tyrosine kinase inhibition has been shown to be effective in blocking tyrosine phosphorylation at the PDGF and bFGF receptors in cultured fibroblast and vascular smooth muscle cells which in turn inhibits their proliferation[1]. CGP 53716 is a specific PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on SMC (smooth muscle cell) proliferation and migration in vitro and in neointimal formationin vivo[3]. CGP 53716 inhibited serum-induced cell growth in RASMC (rat aortic smooth muscle cells). And it completely blocked PDGF-BB tyrosine receptor autophosphorylation in RASMC and 3T3 cells, PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase at 1 μM in RASMC and inhibited PDGF-BB-induced c-Fos protein expression at 1 μM in RASMC; consistent with inhibition of PDGF-BB-induced DNA synthesis. Further, CGP 53716 inhibited PDGF-BB-, bFGF- and EGF-induced DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in each cell line. And it showed a 2- to 4-fold selectivity for PDGF-BB-stimulated DNA synthesis over bFGF or EGF in RASMC or 3T3 cells[1]. CGP 53716 inhibited dose dependently tyrosine phosphorylation of both the known PDGFRs: the PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. After rat carotid artery ballooning injuryin vivo, the migration of alpha-actin-positive cells on the luminal side of internal elastic lamina was decreased with 50 mg kg day of CGP 53716 from 38 ± 10 (control group) to 4 ± 2. Intima media ratio was inhibited by 40% after 14 days in the CGP 53716-treated group (P=0.028) after rat aortic denudation[3].
AS1069562 is an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake which acts by notably restoring reduced insulin-like growthfactor 1 and fibroblastgrowthfactor 2 mRNA levels in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, respectively.