by-55

AAPK-25 是选择性的Aurora PLK 激酶双重抑制剂，显示出抗肿瘤活性。它可造成有丝分裂延迟并阻滞前中期细胞，通过生物标志物组蛋白 H3Ser10磷酸化反应，导致细胞凋亡激增。

Ara-G 是一种脱氧鸟苷 (GdR) 类似物和核苷类似物，可被 T 淋巴谱系细胞迅速转化为其相应的阿拉伯糖基鸟嘌呤核苷酸三磷酸 (araGTP)，从而抑制 DNA 合成和对 T 淋巴母细胞的选择性体外毒性细胞系以及来自 T 细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 患者的新鲜分离的白血病细胞。

Ethambutol-d8 是 Ethambutol 的氘代化合物。Ethambutol 的 CAS 号为 74-55-5。

Oleic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of oleic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid and a major component of membrane phospholipids that has been found in human plasma, cell membranes, and adipose tissue.1,2 It contributes approximately 17% of the total fatty acids esterified to phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid class in porcine platelets.1 Oleic acid inhibits collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation by approximately 90% when used at a concentration of 10 μg ml. It also inhibits fMLF-induced neutrophil aggregation and degranulation by 55 and 68%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 5 μM, similar to arachidonic acid .3 Oleic acid (60 μM) induces release of intracellular calcium in human platelets.4

NH-3是一种高效的口服活性甲状腺激素受体（THR）拮抗剂，具有可逆行为，其IC 50为55 nM。NH-3源自选择性甲状腺激素模拟物GC-1，有效地抑制甲状腺激素与相应受体的结合，从而阻碍辅因子的招募。

SARS-CoV-2-IN-55 (compound 65) 是一种抑制 SARS-CoV-2 的化合物，具有低细胞毒性，IC50 值为 0.3 μM，它通过作用于病毒的刺突蛋白 S 来抑制病毒感染。

p2Ca acetate(142606-55-1 free base) 是一种天然加工的肽，来源于普遍存在的酶 α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶，并被 CTL 克隆 (2C) 识别为与 I 类 MHC 蛋白 Ld 结合。

JC-171 is a selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, with an IC50 of 8.45 μM for inhibiting LPS ATP-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release from J774A.1 macrophages[1]. JC-171 (0-100 μM) blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β production in primary macrophages dose dependently[1]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: J774A.1 murine macrophage cells JC-171 treatment delays the progression and reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mouse[1]. Animal Model: Mice immunized subcutaneously with 200 μg Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) on day 0 followed by injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin. [1]. Chunqing Guo, et al. Development and Characterization of a Hydroxyl-Sulfonamide Analogue, 5-Chloro-N-[2-(4-hydroxysulfamoyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide, as a Novel NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2017 Oct 18;8(10):2194-2201.

Potent and selective cereblon degrader (DC50 = 1.5 nM). Induces complete degradation of cereblon in MM1S cells. Comprises a cereblon E3 ligase ligand joined by a linker to a ligand for the E3 ligase VHL. Cell-permeable. Steinebach et al (2019) PROTAC-mediated crosstalk between E3 ligases. Chem.Commun.(Camb) 55 1821 PMID:30672516

Arecaidine propargyl ester is an agonist of M2muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).1It selectively binds to M2over M1, M3, M4, and M5mAChRs in CHO cells expressing the human receptors (Kis = 0.0871, 1.23, 0.851, 0.977, and 0.933 μM, respectively). Arecaidine propargyl ester induces contractions in isolated guinea pig atrium (pD2= 8.67). It induces apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cells when used at a concentration of 100 μM.2Arecaidine propargyl ester decreases mean arterial blood pressure in normotensive cats (ED25= 1.9 nmol kg).3It is toxic to house flies (Musca) when administered at a dose of 75 μg fly.4 1.Scapecchi, S., Matucci, R., Bellucci, C., et al.Highly chiral muscarinic ligands: the discovery of (2S,2’R,3’S,5’R)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide methyl iodide, a potent, functionally selective, M2 partial agonistJ. Med. Chem.49(6)1925-1931(2006) 2.Di Bari, M., Tombolillo, B., Conte, C., et al.Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects mediated by M2 muscarinic receptor activation in human glioblastoma cellsNeurochem. Int.90261-270(2015) 3.Porsius, A.J., and Van Zwieten, P.A.Central action of some cholinergic drugs (arecaidine esters) and nicotine on blood pressure and heart rate of catsProg. Brain Res.47131-135(1977) 4.Honda, H., Tomizawa, M., and Casida, J.E.Insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: Pharmacological and toxicological profiles of antagonists and agonistsJ. Agric. Food Chem.55(6)2276-2281(2007)

WRW4 TFA (878557-55-2 free base) 是一种特异性的甲酰肽受体样 1 (FPRL1) 拮抗剂，抑制 WKYMVm 与 FPRL1 的结合，IC50 为 0.23 μM。 WRW4 通过 FPRL1 激动剂 MMK-1、淀粉样蛋白 beta42 (Abeta42) 肽和 F 肽特异性抑制细胞内钙的增加。

5'-pApA is a linearized form of cyclic di-AMP, a bacterial second messenger that activates the host innate immune system through stimulator of interferon genes (STING).1,2,3,4It is a metabolite of cyclic di-AMP formedviahydrolysis by various phosphodiesterases (PDEs).55'-pApA is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-AMP signaling. 1.Burdette, D.L., Monroe, K.M., Sotelo-Troha, K., et al.STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic-di-GMPNature478(7370)515-518(2011) 2.Parvatiyar, K., Zhang, Z., Teles, R.M., et al.DDX41 recognizes bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I interferon immune responseNat. Immunol.13(12)1155-1161(2012) 3.Woodward, J.J., Iavarone, A.T., and Portnoy, D.A.c-di-AMP secreted by intracellular Listeria monocytogenes activates a host type I interferon responseScience328(5986)1703-1705(2010) 4.Witte, C.E., Whiteley, A.T., Burke, T.P., et al.Cyclic di-AMP is critical for Listeria monocytogenes growth, cell wall homeostasis, and establishment of infectionmBio4(3)e00282-00213(2013) 5.Fahmi, T., Port, G.C., and Cho, K.H.c-di-AMP: An essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteriaGenes (Basel)8(8)197(2017)

BIBB 515 是口服具有活力的 2,3-氧化角鲨烯环化酶选择性抑制剂，在大鼠和小鼠中的 ED50值分别为 0.2-0.5 mg kg 和 0.36-33.3 mg kg (1-5 小时)。它主要利用抑制低密度脂蛋白的产生，从而发挥降脂作用。

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

Piperazine (2HCl) is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and its major effects appear to be on the central nervous system. Piperazine was the anthelmintic with the greatest number of reports of toxicoses and suspected toxicoses in cats. Piperazine neurotoxicity in cats and dogs usually was manifested by muscle tremors, ataxia, and or behavioral disturbances within 24 hours after estimated daily dose(s) between 20 and 110 mg kg[1]. For di-substituted derivatives, ciprofloxacin was selected and hybrids were synthesized via substitution at piperazinyl-N4. The reaction of piperazinyl-NH of ciprofloxacin with selected drugs resulted in pronounced growth inhibition of standard as well as resistant bacterial strains[2]. The parent piperazine 6 was found to exhibit a reasonable activity toward the HeLa and MDA MB 231 tumor cell lines (IC50= 9.2 and 8.4 μΜ, respectively)[3]. Piperazine adipate (10 mM) causes mortality of A. galli and H. gallinae after a maximum of 30 min exposure, inhibits malate oxidation by 78%, and inhibits aldolase activity in both parasites. Piperazine adipate (10 mM) also inhibits cholinesterase activity by 96% in Ascaridia galli (A. galli) and 93% in Heterakis gallinae (H. gallinae). Piperazine adipate inhibits oxaloacetate reduction by 26% and 55% in A. galli and H. gallinae, resepctively[4].

Anti-inflammatory agent 55 (compound 9j) 作为薏苡醇 (Coixol) 的衍生物，展现出显著的抗炎活性。该化合物通过抑制NF-κB途径，有效下调iNOS、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的表达水平。其中，Anti-inflammatory agent 54 能够在RAW264.7巨噬细胞中通过抑制LPS诱导的NO产生（IC50: 0.8 μM）来发挥其抗炎作用，并在小鼠耳廓水肿模型中证实了其体内抗炎效果。

JW 55 (JW55) 是一种有效且选择性的 β-catenin 信号通路抑制剂，通过抑制 tankyrase 1 和 tankyrase 2 (TNKS1 2) 的 PARP 结构域起作用。

CCT367766 formic 是一款有效的口服第三代异功能蛋白降解探针(PROTAC)，基于Cereblon配体，能在低浓度降低pirin蛋白表达。该化合物对CRBN-DDB1复合物具中等亲和力，IC50值为490 nM；同时，对重组pirin和CRBN的亲和力良好，Kd值分别为55 nM和120 nM。CCT367766 formic作为化学工具，对研究某些未开发蛋白质具有重要价值。

Bendazac-d7 是 Bendazac 的氘代化合物。Bendazac 的 CAS 号为 20187-55-7。Bendazac 是一种氧乙酸，具有抗过敏、抗炎、利胆和抗血脂作用。它能够阻断蛋白质变性，延缓白内障的发生过程。

Guanfacine-13C,15N3is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with Kivalues of 93, 1,380, and 3,890 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52, 288, and 602 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg kg) binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1.Jasper, J.R., Lesnick, J.D., Chang, L.K., et al.Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant α2 adrenergic receptors: Agonist-mediated [35S]GTPγS bindingBiochem. Pharmacol.55(7)1035-1043(1998) 2.Nikolic, K., Filipic, S., and Agbaba, D.QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugsBioorg. Med. Chem.16(15)7134-7140(2008) 3.Scholtysik, G.Pharmacology of guanfacineBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.10(Suppl 1)21S-24S(1980) 4.Kauser, H., Sahu, S., Kumar, S., et al.Guanfacine is an effective countermeasure for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive declineNeuroscience254110-119(2013)

MBM-55 是一种有效的中心体相关激酶 2 (NEK2) 抑制剂，IC50 为 1 nM。 MBM-55 通过诱导细胞周期停滞和凋亡有效抑制癌细胞的增殖。

Sitamaquine is an antileishmanial agent.1It is active againstL. donovani,L. infantum,L. mexicana,L. braziliensis, andL. tropica(EC50s = 9.5-19.8 μM). It inhibits mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), in a cell-free assay when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM.2Sitamaquine (100 μM) increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases intracellular ATP levels, as well as induces phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin fragmentation, and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, markers of apoptosis, inL. donovanipromastigotes. 1.López-Martín, C., Pérez-Victoria, J.M., Carvalho, L., et al.Sitamaquine sensitivity in Leishmania species is not mediated by drug accumulation in acidocalcisomesAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.52(11)4030-4036(2008) 2.Carvalho, L.J.M., Luque-Ortega, J.R., López-Martín, C., et al.The 8-aminoquinoline analogue sitamaquine causes oxidative stress in Leishmania donovani promastigotes by targeting succinate dehydrogenaseAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.55(9)4204-4210(2011)

R 715是一种布拉迪肾上腺素B1受体拮抗剂。它抑制在表达布拉迪肾上腺素B1受体的孤立人类脐带中由布拉迪肾上腺素引发的收缩（pA2 = 8.49）。R 715（200、400及600 µg/kg）通过尾部闪烁测试减少了由链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病神经病变小鼠模型中尾部撤回的潜伏期。它还在以髓磷脂少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）（35-55）（MOG35-55）抗原肽诱导的实验性自体免疫性脑炎（EAE）小鼠模型中，通过每天1 mg/kg的剂量减少了后肢无力和瘫痪的发病率，改善对称步态，并减少脊髓炎症灶点数、神经元脱髓鞘以及病灶单核细胞侵袭。R 715（0.01 nmol/动物，脑室内）能在自发性高血压大鼠中降低平均动脉血压并增加心率。

Phenylpyropene A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from P. griseofulvum that has enzyme inhibitory and insecticidal activities.1,2,3 It inhibits acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 0.8 μM).1 Phenylpyropene A inhibits diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 78.7 μM). It induces mortality in 100% of M. persicae when used at a concentration of 5 ppm.3 |1. Kwon, O.E., Rho, M.C., Song, H.Y., et al. Phenylpyropene A and B, new inhibitors of acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 55(11), 1004-1008 (2002).|2. Lee, S.W., Rho, M.C., Choi, J.H., et al. Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by phenylpyropenes produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18(11), 1785-1788 (2008).|3. Horikoshi, R., Goto, K., Mitomi, M., et al. Identification of pyripyropene A as a promising insecticidal compound in a microbial metabolite screening. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 70(3), 272-276 (2017).