M-COPA is a golgi disruptor which inhibits cell surface expression of MET protein and the ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) activation. M-COPA also inhibits angiogenesis through suppression of both VEGFR1 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathways.
Isamfazone is utilized in the chemical and pharmacological studies on substituted pyridazones, the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents by aligning screening.
Cipamfylline is a xanthine, a theophylline analogue, and is a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE-4). Cipamfylline was tested in patients with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and in two human models of acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis. The outcome of the study revealed that cipamfylline was more effective than vehicle in treating atopic dermatitis, but less effective than a group II steroid, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate both in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. The absorption of cipamfylline and the subsequent systemic exposure might be the reason why further clinical studies with higher doses of cipamfylline have not been published.
Avibactam (NXL-104) free acid is a covalent and reversible inhibitor of non-β-lactam β-lactamase (IC50s: 8 nM and 5 nM for β-lactamase TEM-1 and CTX-M-15).
Zelandopam is a dopamine D1 agonist. Zelandopam is a potent stimulant of pancreatic exocrine secretion by acting on DA D1 receptors of the pancreas in dogs. Intravenous administration of Zelandopam produces renal vasodilating and diuretic natriuretic effe