9(z),11(e),13(e)octadecatrienoic acid

alpha-Eleostearic acid (cis-eleostearic acid) 是存在于凤仙花种子中的共轭脂肪酸，可作为凤仙花的化学分类学标志物。

9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid ethyl ester (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 μM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 μM for different isoforms of the enzymes. α-ESA ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.

9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, an isomer of 9(Z),11(E),13(E)-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester and the methyl ester derivative of 9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, serves as a standard for quantifying 9(Z),11(E),13(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in wild growing pomegranate (P. granatum) seed oil [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1240].

Methyl alpha-eleostearate (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 μM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 μM for different isoforms of the enzymes. α-ESA methyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.

13(S)-HOTrE(γ) 是一种代谢物和十八碳三烯酸，可用作于代谢标志物、研究代谢紊乱和神经系统疾病。

Punicic acid（Trichosanic acid，石榴酸）是一种天然的共轭亚麻酸和多不饱和脂肪酸，通过激活PPARα、PPARβ、PPARγ和抑制NF-κB抗肥胖和抗糖尿病；通过抑制环氧化酶（COX）和脂氧合酶（LOX）抗炎；通过调节PPARγ和PPARδ改善神经炎症；预防骨质疏松。