β amyloid (1 40)

Amyloid β1-40 is one of the fragments generated after cleavage of the amyloid peptide precursor protein by β and γ secretases.

[Asn23] β-Amyloid (1-40), Iowa mutation 是一种与重度大脑淀粉样蛋白血管病 (CAA) 相关的生物活性肽。该突变涉及 APP 694 位点的错义突变，Asp 23 位置的天冬酰胺被天冬酰氨酸取代。这种变异的 β-Amyloid 肽倾向于更快聚集，并形成有害的原纤维。

[Arg6]-β-Amyloid (1-40), England mutation 是具有生物活性的肽，与多种家族性常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病相关。特别地，这种英国突变，即位于第6位的His被Arg所替换，已报告可提高寡聚体形成动力学，加速初级纤维的种子化过程。此类寡聚体对神经元培养细胞展现出较高毒性。

β-Amyloid (1-40), FAM-labeled is a FAM fluorescently-labelled β-Amyloid (1-40) peptide (λ ex = 492 nm and λ em = 518 nm).

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-40) is a N-terminal-labelled biotinylated amyloid- -(1-40) peptide.

β-Amyloid (1-40) TFA 是阿尔茨海默症患者脑斑块中的主要蛋白片段，常用于构建阿尔茨海默症模型。

β-Amyloid (1-40), FAM-labeled TFA 是一个 FAM 荧光标记的 β-Amyloid (1-40) 肽 (λex=?492?nm and λem=?518?nm)。

(Gln22,Asn23)-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) 为特定多肽，主要应用于研究脑淀粉样血管病的相关突变。

(Gln22)β-Amyloid (1-40) human 是一种包含淀粉样蛋白 β 肽（Aβ）的化合物，适用于阿尔茨海默症研究。

Citrullinated amyloid-β(1-40) peptide (human) (Citrullinated Aβ (1-40)) 是 β-Amyloid (1-40) 在 Arg5 位点进行瓜氨酸化修饰的形式。与未修饰的 β-Amyloid (1-40) 相比，该修饰形式更易形成可溶性低聚物，并加速由扭曲平行 β-片组成的不溶性聚集体的瞬时出现。

(Gly22)-amyloid beta-protein(1-40) (Arctic variant Ab40ARC (E22G)) 是用于阿尔茨海默病研究的肽。

BI-1408 是一种强效的 γ 分泌酶调节剂（对 Aβ42 的 IC50 值为 0.04 μM）。

BMS 433796 是一种在阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠模型中具有Aβ降低活性的γ分泌酶抑制剂，可有效抑制 Aβ 的产生。

Aftin-4 是一种 β-淀粉样蛋白42(Aβ42) 的诱导剂。

Begacestat (GSI-953)是一种有效和选择性的γ-分泌酶抑制剂 (gamma-secretase) ，以纳摩尔效价抑制Amyloid-β的生成，在细胞水平的Notch切割实验中选择性地抑制对APP切割，逆转情境记忆缺陷，可用于研究阿尔兹海默症。

4-(6-Bromo-2-benzothiazolyl)-N-methylbenzenamine is a potent amyloid imaging agent that binds to Amyloid-β (1-40) (KD: 1.7 nM).

Itanapraced (CHF5074) 是新型γ-secretase 调节剂，能够降低 Aβ42 (IC50=3.6 nM) 和 Aβ40 (IC50=18.4 nM) 分泌。

γ-Secretase-IN-1 是一种高效的 γ-secretase 抑制剂，对T-47D 细胞显示部分抗增殖活性且抑制 β-amyloid(40)，β-amyloid(42)，和Notch γ-分泌酶裂解。

Pramlintide is a non-amyloidogenic analog of the antidiabetic peptide hormone amylin that contains proline residues substituted at positions 25, 28, and 29. It stimulates cAMP production in HEK293 cells expressing human amylin receptor 1a (AMY1a), AMY2a, and AMY3a (EC50s = 0.35, 22.9, and 0.89 nM, respectively). Pramlintide inhibits human islet amyloid polypeptide fibrilization in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, pramlintide (200 pg/kg) reduces brain levels of amyloid-β (1-40) and increases spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (1-8, A2V) is a truncated form of amyloid-β (Aβ) that contains a valine to alanine substitution at position 2 of the Aβ numbering convention (Aβ A2V), which corresponds to position 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) numbering convention (APP A673V). An Aβ (1-40) (Aβ40) A2V peptide increases the production of Aβ and the rate and amount of amyloid fibril formation in vitro, effects that can be reduced by coincubation with wild-type Aβ40. Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels are increased in CHO cells expressing the Aβ A2V mutation and in fibroblasts derived from patients with the Aβ A2V mutation. As a homozygous mutation, Aβ A2V is correlated with Alzheimer's disease with distinctive pathological features, but disease does not develop in patients with a heterozygous Aβ A2V mutation.

Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.

Glycerophosphorylethanolamine is an active phosphodiester metabolite of phosphatidylethanolamine.1,2It promotes aggregation of amyloid-β (1-40) (Aβ40)in vitro, and levels of glycerophosphorylethanolamine are elevated in postmortem brains isolated from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. 1.Klunk, W.E., Xu, C.J., McClure, R.J., et al.Aggregation of β-amyloid peptide is promoted by membrane phospholipid metabolites elevated in Alzheimer’s disease brainJ. Neurochem.69(1)266-272(1997) 2.Blusztajn, J.K., Lopez Gonzalez-Coviella, I., Logue, M., et al.Levels of phospholipid catabolic intermediates, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, are elevated in brains of Alzheimer’s disease but not of Down’s syndrome patientsBrain Res.536(1-2)240-244(1990)

RO4929097 (RG-4733) 是 γ secretase 抑制剂，IC50=4 nM，能够抑制细胞内 Aβ40 (EC50:14 nM) 的产生和 Notch (EC50:5 nM) 活性。

gamma-secretase modulator 5 (compound 22d) 是一种能够透过血脑屏障的 γ-分泌酶调节剂 (GSMs)，对聚集的淀粉样蛋白 β 肽 Aβ42 的产生表现出抑制作用 (IC50: 60 nM)。gamma-secretase modulator 5 能够用于研究阿尔茨海默病。