use disorders

Prazosin hydrochloride (Vasoflex) 是一种选择性肾上腺素能 α-1 拮抗剂，可降低外周阻力并放松血管平滑肌。 它可用于研究高血压和酒精使用障碍。 它是一种合成哌嗪衍生物，具有降压抗肾上腺素能特性。它抑制有机阳离子转运蛋白 OCT-1 和 OCT-3，IC50分别为 1.8 和 13 μM 。

(5R)-BW-4030W92是 R 型的 BW-4030W92 ，是具有活性的对映体。(5R)-BW-4030W92 是一种可口服的非选择性、电压依赖性和使用依赖性的钠离子通道 (sodium channel) 拮抗剂，可用于研究神经系统疾病。

Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (Ipratropium bromide hydrate) 是一种毒蕈碱拮抗剂，结构上与阿托品相关，但它通常被认为对吸入使用更安全、更有效。它用于各种支气管疾病、鼻炎和抗心律失常。

Trans-Tranilast 是抗过敏剂，可用于过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘和特应性皮炎的研究。

SR-29065 是一种选择性 REV-ERBα 激动剂，可在昼夜节律的转录–翻译反馈环中抑制 BMAL1 的转录。SR-29065 可用于评估同时靶向昼夜节律负向调控分支是否可在胶质母细胞瘤模型中产生协同抗肿瘤效应，SR-29065 广泛应用于自身免疫性疾病及昼夜节律研究中。

Mitapivat (AG-348) hydrochloride 是一种口服有效且选择性的变构丙酮酸激酶 R (PK-R) 激活剂。它通过加速 PK-R 催化磷酸烯醇丙酮酸向丙酮酸转化的反应，促进糖酵解过程，增加红细胞中三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 的合成，并降低 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸 (2,3-DPG) 的水平。Mitapivat hydrochloride 有潜力用于丙酮酸激酶缺乏症及其他贫血相关疾病的研究。

PLA2-IN-1 (Compound 7)是高效选择性磷脂酶 A (PLA2) 抑制剂，IC50 值为 1 nM。在体外，PLA2-IN-1 能有效抑制由 PLA2 诱导的凝血障碍，且有望用于治疗眼镜蛇毒液导致的蛇咬伤。

σ1R-IN-1 ((R,R)-1a) 是一种高效的σ-1R抑制剂，IC50为110 nM，在神经精神疾病研究中具有重要的应用潜力。

17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate sodium 是一种可以通过血脑屏障的合成肾上腺和性腺类固醇的重要中间体。在类固醇激素（包括糖皮质激素和性激素）的合成过程中，它作为一种前体物质发挥作用。17-Hydroxypregnenolone sulfate sodium 有潜力用于研究肾上腺功能的发育以及与神经甾体相关的疾病，例如认知障碍和神经退行性疾病。

Dopamine D3 receptor ligand-6 (Compound 196476) 是一种选择性多巴胺 D3 受体 (D3) 拮抗剂，具有潜力用于物质使用障碍（如阿片类和精神兴奋剂成瘾）的研究。

5-HT2A agonist 3 (Compound P-141) 是一种选择性5-羟色胺2A受体 (5-HT2A) 激动剂，其EC50为13.80 nM。5-HT2A agonist 3 可用于抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、强迫症以及中枢神经系统疾病等精神疾病的研究。

Dopamine D3 receptor antagonist-3 是一种能够穿越血脑屏障的 D3 多巴胺受体 (D3R) 选择性正变构调节剂-拮抗剂 (PAM-antagonist)。在 D3R 介导的 β-Arrestin 募集试验中，其拮抗活性呈现出 IC50 值为 2.5 μM 和 Kb 值为 0.49 μM。同时，在 D3R 介导的 Go-BRET 试验中，Dopamine D3 receptor antagonist-3 也展现了拮抗活性，IC50 值为 0.34 μM。该化合物可用于研究包括物质使用障碍在内的神经精神疾病。

Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic replacement for vasopressin, which reduces urine production. Medical use of Desmopressin acetate includes: (a) bed wetting; (b) diabetes insipidus; (c) nighttime urination; (d) clotting disorders.

Ipsapirone, a pyrimidinylpiperazine ligand, is potent and specific for 5-HT1A receptors and has potential therapeutic use in affective disorders.

Octanoic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of octanoic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Octanoic acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found in Teleme cheeses made from goat, ovine, or bovine milk.1 Octanoic acid is active against the bacteria S. mutans, S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis (IC80s = <125, <125, 1,403, and 2,294 μM, respectively).2 Levels of octanoic acid are increased in the plasma of patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, an inborn error of fatty acid metabolism characterized by hypoketotic hypoglycemia, medium-chain dicarboxylic aciduria, and intolerance to fasting.3,4 |1. Mallatou, H., Pappa, E., and Massouras, T. Changes in free fatty acids during ripening of Teleme cheese made with ewes', goats', cows' or a mixture of ewes' and goats' milk. Int. Dairy J. 13(1-3), 211-219 (2003).|2. Hyang, C.B., Alimova, Y., Myers, T.M., et al. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch. Oral Biol. 56(7), 650-654 (2011).|3. Onkenhout, W., Venizelos, V., van der Poel, P.F.H., et al. Identification and quantification of intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders. Clin. Chem. 41(10), 1467-1474 (1995).|4. Rinaldo, P., O'Shea, J.J., Coates, P.M., et al. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Diagnosis by stable-isotope dilution measurement of urinary n-hexanoylglycine and 3-phenylpropionylglycine. N. Engl. J. Med. 319(20), 1308-1313 (1988).

AZ2 is a highly selective, active PI3Kγ inhibitor (pIC50=9.3) for use in inflammatory and immune disorders.

KQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS is a Exendin-4 peptide derivative. Exendin-4 is a pure GLP-1 receptor agonist. Exendin-4 peptide derivatives are structurally derived from Exendin-4 and may relates to dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists. Their medical use, for example in the treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, as well as for reduction of excess food intake. These dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists show reduced activity on the GIP receptor to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia[1]. [1]. US20150315260 A1

Ristocetin A, a glycopeptide related to vancomycin, is an antibiotic produced by the microorganism Nocardia lurida[1]. Ristocetin A is currently in clinical use to treat bacterial infections [1]. Ristocetin A is an antibiotic which can be used to treat staphylococcal infections. The side effects of ristocetin A include thrombocytopenia and platelet agglutination. Ristocetin A has been used in two assays: the ristocetin cofactor assay and the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation assay. These two assays could be used to diagnosis the von Willebrand disease and other bleeding disorders [2, 3]. The structural features of Ristocetin A are similar to vancomycin.

Ipratropium Free Base is a muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Curculigoside (Curculigoside A) 是仙茅中的主要皂苷，具有显著的抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、抗抑郁和神经保护作用。它通过调节JAK/STAT/NF-κB 信号传导途径，具有抗关节炎作用。

Ph-HTBA 是CaMKIIα的高亲和力、脑穿透调节剂。Ph-HTBA 对 CaMKIIα 具有结合亲和力，Kd 值为 757 nM。Ph-HTBA 可用于缺血和神经退行性疾病的研究。

2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine是一种脂肪酸类代谢物，主要存在于血液和尿液，经由丙酮酸羧化途径产生，其水平在脂肪性肝炎 (NASH) 受试者的血浆中较高，可用于代谢性疾病诊断。

WAY-215718是一种用于生化反应研究的活性分子。

UWA-101 hydrochloride是一种选用性强、无细胞毒性的DAT/SERT抑制剂，对DAT和SERT的EC50值分别为3.6 µM和2.3 µM。该化合物能降低多巴胺能活性分子（例如L-DOPA）的副作用（如运动障碍），且不具有精神活性特性。UWA-101 hydrochloride适用于神经退行性疾病（如帕金森病）的相关研究。