t. brucei

Antitrypanosomal agent 1 是一种有效的选择性锥虫硫酮还原酶抑制剂，IC50为 3.3 μM。它抑制谷胱甘肽还原酶，IC50为 64.8 μM，抑制布氏锥虫，EC50为 1 μM。

DDD85646 是 T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase 的抑制剂，Ki 为 1.44 nM，IC50 为 2 nM，EC50 为 2 nM。 hNMT 的 IC50 为 4 nM。

CRK12-IN-1 是一种有效的CRK12抑制剂。CRK12-IN-1具有杀虫活性， 对布氏锥虫 (T.b. brucei) 和刚果锥虫 (T. congolense) 具有抑制作用EC50分别为1.3和18 nM。CRK12-IN-1能迅速杀死病原细胞。

Acoziborole (SCYX-7158) 是一种安全的、有效的、结构新颖的抗原虫剂，是一种 benzoxaborole 的衍生物，可用于人类非洲锥虫病 (HAT) 的研究。Acoziborole 对 T. b. brucei S427 菌株的MIC 值为 0.6 µg/mL。

Jaspamycin (7-CN-7-C-Ino) does not bind with purified human PKARIα. Anti-parasite activity. Jaspamycin (7-CN-7-C-Ino) is a potent activator of PKA, binding to the R site (PKAR), with an EC50 of 6.5 nM and Kd of 8 nM in Trypanosoma brucei.

NPD-1335 (Benzyl alkynamide 37) 一种有效的布氏锥虫磷酸二酯酶 B1 (TbrPDEB1) 抑制剂，具有针对布氏锥虫寄生虫的亚微摩尔活性。 NPD-1335 (Benzyl alkynamide 37) 显示出改善的细胞毒性谱。 NPD-1335 (Benzyl alkynamide 37) 会增加细胞内 cAMP 水平，导致细胞周期和细胞死亡的改变。

Tuberculosis inhibitor 1 is a potent and non-cytotoxic inhibitor of trypanosoma brucei growth (EC50: 5 nM).

DNA crosslinker 6 (compound 1) 作为一种抗动质体化学物质，展现了与AT-DNA高效结合的特性，并且能有效阻断AT-hook 1与DNA的结合，其IC50值仅为0.03 µM。此化合物还显示出对T. brucei的显著抗原虫活性，其EC50达到0.83 µM。

Proteasome-IN-6 (Compound J-80) 是一种抑制锥虫 Trypanosoma brucei 20S 蛋白酶体 (20S proteasome) 的 β5 催化亚基的化合物，能够有效抑制 T. b. brucei、T. b. gambiense 和 T. b. rhodesiense，EC50 数值分别为 157 nM、220 nM 和 156 nM。此外，Proteasome-IN-6 在小鼠模型中展现出抗锥虫活性。

PFK-IN-1 (compound 1) 是磷酸果糖激酶 PFK 的抑制剂，对 T.brucei 和 T.cruzi PFK 的 IC50 分别为 0.41 和 0.23 μM，对 T.brucei 的 ED50 为 15.18 μg mL。在大鼠和小鼠肝脏微粒体中的半衰期分别是 9.7 和 408 分钟。

Antiparasitic agent-24 (Compound 14a) 是一种抗寄生虫剂，其EC50为0.005 μM (L. maj)、0.069 μM (L. don)、0.82 μM (T. brucei) 和4.1 μM (T. cruzi)。

NEU-1017 是一种广谱抗寄生虫剂，抑制T. brucei、L. major和P. falciparum，其EC50值分别为210 nM、240 nM和3 nM。

GSK2188764 is an inhibitor of T. brucei IPMK, partially inhibits rTbIPMK activity.

Megazol is a nitroimidazole based drug that cures some protozoan infections. A study of nitroimidazoles found the drug extremely effective against T. cruzi and T. brucei which cause Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness, respectively.

NEU-1045 is a T. brucei proliferation inhibitor, and is a promising lead with cross-pathogen activity. NEU-1045 inhibited T. brucei, T. cruzi, and L. major proliferation with good potency (T. brucei EC50 = 0.37 μM; T. cruzi EC50 = 2.8 μM; L. major EC50 =

NEU-1923 is a potent inhibitor of T. brucei proliferation (EC50= 0.37 μM).

NEU-730, a novel inhibitor of TbrPDEB1, shows modest inhibition of T. brucei proliferation.

Lycobetaine (Ungeremine) 是一种潜在的抗罗克福尔青霉和黑曲霉的生物杀菌剂。它对柱状黄杆菌有很强的抗菌活性。它有效地靶向哺乳动物以及细菌I 型和II 型拓扑异构酶。它显示出强烈的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性（IC(50) 值为 0.35 microM）。 它具有抗原生动物活性，在体外试验中对Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense、T. cruzi 表现出良好的活性。

Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found inT. harzianumand has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.1It is active against the plant pathogenic fungusP. ultimum(MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasiteT. brucei brucei(IC50= 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungiR. solani,P. omnivorum,T. basicola,R. arrhizus, andV. dahliaeor the bacteriaB. thuringiensis,P. fluorescens, andX. malvacearumwhen used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.2,3Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50= 1 μM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50= 5.2 μM).1 1.Rether, J., Serwe, A., Anke, T., et al.Inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-α expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirinBiol. Chem.388(6)627-637(2007) 2.Howell, C.R., and Stipanovic, R.D.Gliovirin, a new antibiotic from Gliocladium virens, and its role in the biological control of Pythium ultimumCan. J. Microbiol.29(3)321-324(1983) 3.Iwatsuki, M., Otoguro, K., Ishiyama, A., et al.In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 12 low-molecular-weight antibiotics and observations of structure/activity relationshipsJ. Antibiot. (Tokyo)63(10)619-622(2010)

O-11 is an analog of the fully saturated, 14-carbon fatty acid myristic acid, in which the methylene group at position 11 is replaced with oxygen. It is highly effective and selective at killingTrypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, exhibiting an LD50of less than 1 μM in a cell culture assay.1,2The toxic effects of O-11 appear to be caused by its ability to inhibit the incorporation of a single myristate into the GPI anchor of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), a protein critical for evading the host immune response.1O-11 exhibits essentially no anti-fungal activity when assayed usingC. neoformans, but does have a minor inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in T-lymphocytes.3 1.Doering, T.L., Raper, J., Buxbaum, L.U., et al.An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomesScience2521851-1854(1991) 2.Doering, T.L., Lu, T., Werbovetz, K.A., et al.Toxicity of myristic acid analogs toward African trypanosomesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America919735-9739(1994) 3.Langner, C.A., Lodge, J.K., Travis, S.J., et al.4-Oxatetradecanoic acid is fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans and inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus IThe Journal of Biological Chemisty267(24)17159-17169(1992)

7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate (7-Methyl-GDP) sodium, a cap analog, can be used in the synthesis of mRNA cap analogues[1]. 7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate sodium inhibits binding of eukaryotic initiation factors to reovirus capped mRNA and complex formation involving uncapped mRNA or 18 S rRNA[1].T. brucei mRNA decapping enzyme (TbDcp2) that cleaves 7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate sodium from capped RNA to generate pRNA, a substrate for TbCe1[2]. [1]. Sonenberg N, et al. Nonspecific effect of m7GMP on protein-RNA interactions. J Biol Chem. 1978;253(19):6630-6632.[2]. Ignatochkina AV, et al. The messenger RNA decapping and recapping pathway in Trypanosoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(22):6967-6972.

Ajugol (Leonuride) 是从Sideritis germanicopolitana 分离得到的一种环烯醚糖苷。它有抗原生动物活性，对Trypanosoma b. rhodesiense 锥虫的 IC50为 31.8 μg mL。

Hygrolidin is a macrocyclic lactone originally isolated from S. hygroscopicus. It inhibits proliferation of a variety of cancer cell lines, including DLD-1 colon cancer, LNCaP prostate cancer, and K562 leukemia cells (IC50s = 2.9, 5.2, and 33 ng ml, respectively). Hygrolidin induces the expression and levels of p21 in DLD-1 cells, but not WI-38 fibroblasts, and leads to cell accumulation in the G1 and S phases without inducing apoptosis. It has antiparasitic activity against T. cruzi, L. donovani, and T. b. brucei but also induces cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells (IC50s = 1.1, 72.5, 77, and 24.5 nM, respectively).

Xanthatin 是一种从Xanthium strumarium 叶子中提取的天然产物，可诱导细胞凋亡。它抑制布鲁氏菌的IC50值为 2.63 μg mL，对寄生虫特异性锥虫硫磷还原酶具有不可逆的弱抑制作用。它通过抑制PGE2的合成和 5-脂氧合酶的活性而显示出抗炎活性。